Halacha
הלכה א
פֵּרוֹת שֶׁיָּרַד הַדֶּלף לתוֹכָן וְעֵרְבָן כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּתְנַגְּבוּ לֹא הֻכְשְׁרוּ:
כסף משנה
1.
When water from a drainpipe descends into produce and the owner mixed the produce so that it would dry, the produce does not become susceptible to impurity.הלכה ב
הַמַּעֲלֶה פֵּרוֹתָיו לַגַּג מִפְּנֵי הַכְּנִימָה וְיָרַד עֲלֵיהֶן הַטַּל לֹא הֻכְשַׁר. וְאִם נִתְכַּוֵּן שֶׁיֵּרֵד עֲלֵיהֶן הַטַּל הֻכְשְׁרוּ. לְפִיכָךְ אִם הֶעֱלוּם חֵרֵשׁ שׁוֹטֶה וְקָטָן אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁחִשְּׁבוּ שֶׁיֵּרֵד הַטַּל עֲלֵיהֶן לֹא הֻכְשְׁרוּ שֶׁיֵּשׁ לָהֶן מַעֲשֵׂה דִּין תּוֹרָה וְאֵין לָהֶן מַחֲשָׁבָה אֲפִלּוּ מִדִּבְרֵי סוֹפְרִים. הָפְכוּ בָּהֶן קְטַנִּים עַל הַגַּג הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ מֻכְשָׁרִין שֶׁאִם הָיְתָה מַחֲשָׁבָה שֶׁל קָטָן נִכֶּרֶת מִתּוֹךְ מַעֲשָׂיו מַחְשַׁבְתּוֹ מוֹעֶלֶת מִדִּבְרֵיהֶן:
כסף משנה
2.
When a person brings his produce to the roof so that it does not become worm-infested and dew descends upon it, it does not become susceptible to impurity. If he intended that the dew descend upon it, it becomes susceptible to impurity. Therefore, if a deafmute, a intellectually or emotionally compromised individual, or a minor brought the produce up to the roof, even if they had the intent that dew descend upon it, it does not become susceptible to impurity. The rationale is that their deeds are significant according to Scriptural Law, but their intent is not significant, even according to Rabbinic Law.If minors turned the produce over on the roof, it becomes susceptible to impurity. For if the intent of a minor is obvious from his actions, his intent has an effect according to Rabbinic Law.
הלכה ג
הַמַּעֲלֶה אֶת הָאֲגֻדּוֹת וְאֶת הַקְּצִיעוֹת וְאֶת הַשּׁוּם לַגַּג בִּשְׁבִיל שֶׁיַּמְתִּינוּ וְיֵרֵד עֲלֵיהֶן הַטַּל לֹא הֻכְשְׁרוּ. וְאֵין אוֹמְרִין הוֹאִיל וְהַכּל יוֹדְעִין שֶׁהַטַּל יוֹרֵד הֲרֵי זֶה בִּרְצוֹנוֹ שֶׁהֲרֵי לֹא הֶעֱלָם אֶלָּא כְּדֵי שֶׁיַּמְתִּינוּ:
כסף משנה
3.
When a person brings bundles of vegetables, dried figs, or garlic to a roof so that they will be preserved and dew descended upon them, they do not become susceptible to ritual impurity. We do not say that since everyone knows that dew will descend, it is as if he willfully exposed them to water. The rationale is that he brought them up to the roof solely so that they should be preserved.הלכה ד
הַמּוֹלִיךְ חִטִּין לִטְחֹן וְיָרְדוּ עֲלֵיהֶן גְּשָׁמִים אִם שָׂמַח הֻכְשְׁרוּ. הָיוּ זֵיתָיו נְתוּנִין בַּגַּג וְיָרְדוּ עֲלֵיהֶן גְּשָׁמִים אִם שָׂמַח הֻכְשְׁרוּ. הַחַמָּרִים שֶׁהָיוּ עוֹבְרִים בַּנָּהָר וְנָפְלוּ שַׂקֵּיהֶן בַּמַּיִם וְהֶעֱלוּם אִם שָׂמְחוּ הֻכְשְׁרוּ הַפֵּרוֹת וְהַמַּיִם שֶׁעַל הַשַּׂקִּין הִנָּם תְּלוּשִׁין בְּרָצוֹן שֶׁהֲרֵי שָׂמְחוּ:
כסף משנה
4.
When a person brings wheat to be ground into flour and rain falls upon it, if he was happy, it becomes susceptible to impurity. When his olives had been placed on the roof and rain descended, if he was happy, they were made susceptible to impurity. When donkey-drivers were crossing a river and their sacks fell into the water, and they lifted them up, if they were happy that the produce became wet, the produce was made susceptible to impurity. The water that is on the sacks is considered as having been uprooted willfully, for they were happy that the sacks became wet.הלכה ה
שַׂק שֶׁהוּא מָלֵא זֵרְעוֹנִים וְנָתוּן עַל גַּבֵּי הַנָּהָר אוֹ עַל פִּי הַבּוֹר אוֹ עַל מַעֲלוֹת הַמְּעָרָה וְשָׁאֲבוּ הֻכְשְׁרוּ:
כסף משנה
5.
When a sack that was filled with seeds and was placed on the edge of a river, at the opening to a cistern, or on the steps leading to a storage cavern of water, if they absorbed water, they become susceptible to impurity.הלכה ו
חָבִית שֶׁהִיא מְלֵאָה פֵּרוֹת שֶׁנְּתָנָהּ בְּתוֹךְ הַמַּשְׁקִין אוֹ מְלֵאָה מַשְׁקִין שֶׁנְּתָנָהּ בְּתוֹךְ הַפֵּרוֹת וְשָׁאֲבוּ הֻכְשְׁרוּ. בְּאֵלּוּ מַשְׁקִין אָמְרוּ בְּמַיִם וּבְיַיִן וּבְחֹמֶץ אֲבָל שְׁאָר הַמַּשְׁקִין אֵין מְשָׁאֲבִין מִן הַחֶרֶס כְּדֵי שֶׁיַּכְשִׁירוּ הַפֵּרוֹת שֶׁבְּצִדָּן:
כסף משנה
6.
When an earthenware jug containing produce was placed in liquids or a jug containing liquids was placed among produce and the produce absorbed the liquids, it becomes susceptible to impurity.With regard to which liquids was the above said: With regard to water, wine, and vinegar. Other liquids are not absorbed through the walls of earthenware containers causing produce to be made susceptible to ritual impurity.
הלכה ז
הָרוֹדֶה פַּת חַמָּה וּנְתָנָהּ עַל פִּי חָבִית שֶׁל יַיִן אִם הָיְתָה פַּת חִטִּין לֹא הֻכְשְׁרָה. וְאִם הָיְתָה שֶׁל שְׂעוֹרִים הֻכְשְׁרָה מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהַשְּׂעוֹרִים שׁוֹאֲבוֹת. וְכֵן אִם הָיָה הַיַּיִן טָמֵא וְהָיְתָה פַּת חִטִּים טְהוֹרָה וְאִם הָיְתָה שְׂעוֹרִים נִטְמְאָה מִפְּנֵי שֶׁשָּׁאֲבָה מַשְׁקִין טְמֵאִין:
כסף משנה
7.
The following rules apply when a person removes a hot loaf of bread from an oven and places it on the opening of a jug of wine: If the loaf was from wheat flour, it does not become susceptible to impurity. If it was from barley flour, it does become susceptible to impurity, because barley is absorbent. Similarly, if the wine was impure, if the loaf was from wheat, it is pure. If it was from barley, it becomes impure, because it absorbed impure liquids.הלכה ח
הַמְרַבֵּץ אֶת בֵּיתוֹ וְנָתַן בּוֹ חִטִּים וְטָנְנוּ. אִם מֵחֲמַת הַמַּיִם הֻכְשְׁרוּ. וְאִם מֵחֲמַת הַסֶּלַע לֹא הֻכְשְׁרוּ. הַמְכַבֵּס אֶת כְּסוּתוֹ בַּעֲרֵבָה וְנָתַן בָּהּ חִטִּים וְטָנְנוּ אִם מֵחֲמַת הַמַּיִם הֻכְשְׁרוּ וְאִם מֵחֲמַת הָעֲרֵבָה לֹא הֻכְשְׁרוּ:
כסף משנה
8.
When a person sprinkles water on the floor of his house and then placed wheat upon it and it became moist, if it became moist because of the water, it becomes susceptible to impurity. If it became moist because of the stone, it does not become susceptible to impurity.When a person washes his garment in a kneading trough and afterwards he placed wheat in it and it became moist, if it became moist because of the water, it becomes susceptible to impurity. If it became moist because of the kneading trough, it does not become susceptible to impurity.
הלכה ט
הַטּוֹמֵן פֵּרוֹת בַּחוֹל כְּדֵי שֶׁיַּרְטִיבוּ הֻכְשְׁרוּ. הַטּוֹמֵן בַּטִּיט הַנָּגוּב אִם יֵשׁ בּוֹ מַשְׁקֶה טוֹפֵחַ הֻכְשְׁרוּ וְאִם לָאו לֹא הֻכְשְׁרוּ:
כסף משנה
9.
When a person buries his produce in sand so that it will become moist, it becomes subject to impurity. When he buries it in dry mud, if the mud is moist enough that a hand that touches it will become wet, the produce becomes subject to impurity. If not, it does not.הלכה י
הַמְרַבֵּץ אֶת גָּרְנוֹ אֵינוֹ חוֹשֵׁשׁ שֶׁמָּא יֵכְשְׁרוּ חִטָּיו אִם טָנְנוּ בּוֹ וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא שָׂמֵחַ:
כסף משנה
10.
When a person sprinkles water on his threshing floor, he need not worry that his wheat became susceptible to impurity if the kernels came in contact with water even though he is satisfied that this happened.הלכה יא
הַמְלַקֵּט עֲשָׂבִים כְּשֶׁהַטַּל יוֹרֵד עֲלֵיהֶן לְחַפּוֹת בָּהֶן הַחִטִּין לֹא הֻכְשְׁרוּ וְאִם נִתְכַּוִּן לְכָךְ הֻכְשְׁרוּ:
כסף משנה
11.
When a person gathers grasses upon which dew had descended to use for covering wheat, the wheat does not become susceptible to impurity. If this was his intent, it does become susceptible.הלכה יב
הַמְרַבֵּץ אֶת בֵּיתוֹ בְּמַיִם טְמֵאִים וְנָתַן בּוֹ שִׁבֳּלִים וְטָנְנוּ אִם יֵשׁ עֲלֵיהֶן מַשְׁקֶה טוֹפֵחַ הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ טְמֵאִין וְאִם לָאו טְהוֹרִין:
כסף משנה
12.
When a person sprinkles impure water on the floor of his house and then placed stalks of grain there and they become moist, they become impure if there is enough moisture upon them that the hand of one who touches them also becomes moist. If not, they are pure.הלכה יג
הַנּוֹעֵר אֲגֻדָּה שֶׁל יָרָק שֶׁהָיוּ עָלֶיהָ מַשְׁקִין וְיָרְדוּ מִצַּד הָעֶלְיוֹן לַצַּד הַתַּחְתּוֹן לֹא הֻכְשַׁר:
כסף משנה
13.
When a person shakes a bunch of vegetables that had liquid on them and the liquid descended from the upper ones to the lower ones, they do not become susceptible to impurity.הלכה יד
הַמַּעֲלֶה שַׂקִּין מְלֵאִין פֵּרוֹת מִן הַנָּהָר וּנְתָנָן זֶה עַל גַּבֵּי זֶה הֻכְשַׁר הַתַּחְתּוֹן בַּמַּיִם שֶׁיָּרְדוּ לוֹ מִן הָעֶלְיוֹן שֶׁהֲרֵי בִּרְצוֹנוֹ הִנִּיחַ זֶה עַל גַּבֵּי זֶה:
כסף משנה
14.
When a person lifts sacks full of produce from the river and places them one on top of the other, the lower one becomes susceptible to impurity because of the water descending from the upper one, for he willfully placed one on top of the other.הלכה טו
הַנּוֹפֵחַ בַּעֲדָשִׁים לְבָדְקָן אִם הֵן יָפוֹת וְהִזִּיעוּ הֻכְשְׁרוּ בְּהֶבֶל פִּיו מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מִתּוֹלְדוֹת הַמַּיִם. וְכֵן הָאוֹכֵל שֻׁמְשְׁמִין בָּאֶצְבַּע הֻכְשְׁרוּ בְּמַשְׁקֵה פִּיו וְשֶׁעַל אֶצְבָּעוֹ:
כסף משנה
15.
When a person blows on lentils to see if they are good for the purpose of cooking, if water collects on them, they become susceptible to impurity because of the moisture in his breath which is a derivative of water. Similarly, when a person eats sesame seeds with his finger, they become susceptible to impurity because of the moisture in his breath and on his finger.הלכה טז
נָשַׁךְ בָּאֹכֶל וְנָפַל הָאֹכֶל הֲרֵי הַמַּשְׁקֶה שֶׁעַל הָאֹכֶל שֶׁלֹּא לְרָצוֹן. הָיָה אוֹכֵל זֵיתִים פְּצוּעִים וּתְמָרִים רְטֻבּוֹת וְכָל שֶׁהוּא רוֹצֶה לָמֹץ אֶת גַּרְעִינָתוֹ וְנָפַל מִפִּיו הֲרֵי הַמַּשְׁקֶה שֶׁעָלָיו בְּרָצוֹן. הָיָה אוֹכֵל זֵיתִים נְגוּבִין וּתְמָרִים יְבֵשׁוֹת וְכָל שֶׁאֵינוֹ רוֹצֶה לָמֹץ אֶת גַּרְעִינָתוֹ וְנָפַל מִפִּיו הֲרֵי הַמַּשְׁקֶה שֶׁעָלָיו שֶׁלֹּא בְּרָצוֹן:
כסף משנה
16.
When a person bites food and then it falls from his hand, the liquid on the food is not considered as having been placed there willfully. If a person was eating olives that had been broken open, moist dates, or any other produce whose pit he desired to suck, but it fell from his mouth, the liquid on it is considered as having been placed there willfully. If he was eating dry olives, dried dates, any other produce whose pit he does not desire to suck, and it fell from his mouth, the liquid on it is not considered as having been placed there willfully.הלכה יז
עֻלְשִׁין שֶׁלִּקְּטָן לִבְהֵמָה וֶהֱדִיחָן וְחִשֵּׁב עֲלֵיהֶן לְאָדָם אַחַר כָּךְ כְּבָר בֵּאַרְנוּ שֶׁהֵן צְרִיכִים הֶכְשֵׁר שֵׁנִי. וְאִם הָיָה עֲלֵיהֶן מַשְׁקֶה טוֹפֵחַ כְּשֶׁחִשֵּׁב עֲלֵיהֶן לְאָדָם הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ מֻכְשָׁרִין:
כסף משנה