Halacha
הלכה א
כָּל יְדוֹת הַכֵּלִים הֲרֵי הֵן כְּכֵלִים וְאִם נִטְמָא הַכְּלִי נִטמְאָה יָדוֹ הַצָּרִיךְ לָהּ בְּתַשְׁמִישׁוֹ וְשֶׁאֵין צָרִיךְ לָהּ טָהוֹר כְּמוֹ שֶׁיִּתְבָּאֵר. לְפִיכָךְ הָאֶבֶן הַיּוֹצֵאת מִן הַתַּנּוּר טֶפַח וּמִן הַכִּירָה שָׁלֹשׁ אֶצְבָּעוֹת חִבּוּר וְאִם נִטְמָא הַתַּנּוּר וְהַכִּירָה נִטְמְאוּ אֲבָנִים אֵלּוּ. וָאֳכָלִין וּמַשְׁקִין הַנּוֹגְעִין בַּאֲבָנִים אֵלּוּ נִטְמְאוּ. וְאִם נָגְעוּ בְּחוּץ לְטֶפַח שֶׁל תַּנּוּר אוֹ בְּחוּץ לְשָׁלֹשׁ אֶצְבָּעוֹת שֶׁל כִּירָה טְהוֹרִין:
כסף משנה
1.
All accessories of keilim are considered as the k'li itself. If the k'li contracts impurity, an accessory that is required to enable it to be used also contracts impurity. If the accessory is not required to enable it to be used, it is pure, as will be explained. Therefore when a stone protrudes a handbreadth from an oven or three fingerbreadths from a range with a place for two pots, it is considered as connected. Hence, if the oven or the range contract impurity, these stones also do. If foods or liquids touch these stones, they contract impurity. If they touch a place that is beyond a handbreadth from an oven or beyond three fingerbreadths from a range, they are pure.הלכה ב
הַכֻּפָּח עֲשָׂאָהוּ לַאֲפִיָּה שִׁעוּרוֹ כְּתַנּוּר. עֲשָׂאָהוּ לְבִשּׁוּל שִׁעוּרוֹ כְּכִירָה:
כסף משנה
2.
When a range with a place for one pot was made for baking, the measure is the same as that of an oven. If it was made for cooking, the measure is the same as that of a range.הלכה ג
מוּסַף הַתַּנּוּר שֶׁל בַּעֲלֵי בָּתִּים טָהוֹר וְשֶׁל נַחְתּוֹמִין טָמֵא בְּטֻמְאַת הַתַּנּוּר מִפְּנֵי שֶׁסּוֹמֵךְ עָלָיו אֶת הַשִּׁפּוּד. כַּיּוֹצֵא בּוֹ מוּסַף יוֹרָה שֶׁל שׁוֹלְקֵי זֵיתִים טָמֵא וְשֶׁל צַבָּעִים טָהוֹר:
כסף משנה
3.
With regard to the extra layer of earth placed on top of an oven: that of homeowners is pure; that of bakers is susceptible to impurity like the oven is, because it is used as support for a spit. A similar law: an addition built around a pot used by those who cook olives is impure. One used by dyers is pure.הלכה ד
עֲטֶרֶת הַכִּירָה טְהוֹרָה. וְטִירַת הַתַּנּוּר וְהוּא הַמָּקוֹם הַבָּנוּי בְּצִדּוֹ שֶׁמַּנִּיחִין בּוֹ אֶת הַפַּת בְּעֵת רְדִיָּתָהּ בִּזְמַן שֶׁהִיא גְּבוֹהָה אַרְבָּעָה טְפָחִים טְמֵאָה בְּטֻמְאַת הַתַּנּוּר. פָּחוֹת מֵאַרְבָּעָה טְפָחִים טְהוֹרָה לְפִי שֶׁאֵינָהּ חִבּוּר לוֹ. וְאִם חִבְּרָהּ לַתַּנּוּר אֲפִלּוּ עַל שָׁלֹשׁ אֲבָנִים טְמֵאָה:
כסף משנה
4.
The "crown" of a range is pure. The following laws apply to the tira of an oven, i.e., a place built at the side of an oven where a loaf is placed when it is removed from the oven. If it is four handbreadths high, it contracts impurity together with the oven. If it is less than four handbreadths high, it is pure, because it is not connected to the oven. If it was connected to the oven, even on three stones, it can contract impurity.הלכה ה
בֵּית הַפָּךְ וּבֵית הַתַּבְלִין וּבֵית הַנֵּר שֶׁבַּכִּירָה אִם נִטְמֵאת הַכִּירָה בְּמַגָּע נִטְמְאוּ כֻּלָּן וְאִם נִטְמֵאת בַּאֲוִיר לֹא נִטְמְאוּ לְפִי שֶׁאֵינָן חִבּוּר לָהּ אֶלָּא מִדִּבְרֵי סוֹפְרִים. וּלְפִיכָךְ עָשׂוּ לָהּ הֶכֵּר כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יִשָּׂרְפוּ עַל מַגָּעָן תְּרוּמָה וְקָדָשִׁים. וְכֵן כָּל שֶׁאָנוּ אוֹמְרִין בְּעִנְיָן זֶה שֶׁהוּא מִתְטַמֵּא בְּמַגָּע וְאֵינוֹ מִתְטַמֵּא בַּאֲוִיר אֵינוֹ חִבּוּר אֶלָּא מִדִּבְרֵיהֶם וְעָשׂוּ לוֹ הֶכֵּר זֶה כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יִשָּׂרְפוּ עָלָיו קָדָשִׁים אֶלָּא תּוֹלִין:
כסף משנה
5.
The following laws apply to a place at the side of a range for a cruse of oil to be stored, for spices to be stored, or for a lamp to be placed. If the range contracted impurity by contact with a source of impurity, all of the above also contract impurity. If the range contracts impurity due to the presence of a source of impurity in its inner space, they do not contract impurity, because they are considered as joined to the range only by Rabbinic decree. Therefore our Sages made a distinction in this regard, so that terumah and sacrificial food that come in contact with it should not be burnt.Similarly, any object concerning which it is stated that it contracts impurity through contact with a source of impurity, but it does not contract impurity due to the presence of a source of impurity in its inner space is considered as connected to an object that is fully susceptible to ritual impurity only according to Rabbinic Law. A distinction was made in its regard so that consecrated foods should not be burnt because of it, but instead, they should be held in abeyance.
הלכה ו
חֲצַר הַכִּירָה בִּזְמַן שֶׁהִיא גְּבוֹהָה שָׁלֹשׁ אֶצְבָּעוֹת הֲרֵי זוֹ חִבּוּר וְאִם נִטְמֵאת הַכִּירָה אוֹ חֲצֵרָהּ בֵּין בַּאֲוִיר בֵּין בְּמַגָּע נִטְמֵאת הַשְּׁנִיָּה. הָיְתָה הֶחָצֵר פְּחוּתָה מִכָּאן וְנִטְמֵאת אַחַת מֵהֶן בְּמַגָּע נִטְמֵאת הַשְּׁנִיָּה. אֲבָל אִם נִטְמֵאת אַחַת מֵהֶן מֵאֲוִירָהּ בִּלְבַד אֵין חֲבֶרְתָּהּ טְמֵאָה לְפִי שֶׁאֵינָהּ חִבּוּר לָהּ אֶלָּא מִדִּבְרֵיהֶם. הָיְתָה חֲצַר הַכִּירָה מֻפְרֶשֶׁת מִמֶּנָּה בִּזְמַן שֶׁהִיא גְּבוֹהָה שָׁלֹשׁ אֶצְבָּעוֹת הֲרֵי זוֹ חִבּוּר לָהּ בֵּין לְטֻמְאַת מַגָּע בֵּין לְטֻמְאַת אֲוִיר. הָיְתָה פָּחוֹת מִכָּאן אוֹ שֶׁהָיְתָה הֶחָצֵר חֲלָקָה וְאֵין לָהּ שָׂפָה אֵין חִבּוּר לָהּ וְאִם נִטְמֵאת הַכִּירָה בֵּין מֵאֲוִירָהּ בֵּין בְּמַגַּע הֶחָצֵר טְהוֹרָה וְכֵן אִם נִטְמֵאת הֶחָצֵר הַכִּירָה טְהוֹרָה:
כסף משנה
6.
The open space in front of a range is considered as joined to the range when it is elevated three fingerbreadths above the ground. If either the range or its open space contracts impurity either due to the presence of a source of impurity in its inner space or through contact with a source of impurity, the other entity also contracts impurity.If the open space was lower than that and one contracted impurity through contact with a source of impurity, the other entity also contracts impurity. If, however, one contracts impurity only due to the presence of a source of impurity in its inner space, the other entity is not impure. The rationale is that it is only considered as connected according to Rabbinic decree.
When the open space in front of a range was separate from it, when it is three fingerbreadths high, it is considered as joined to the range, both with regard to impurity stemming from contact with a source of impurity or the impurity that arises due to the presence of impurity in its inner space. If it was lower than this or the open space was flat and did not have a border, it is not considered as joined to the range. If the range contracts impurity - whether due to the presence of a source of impurity in its inner space or through contact with a source of impurity - the open space is pure. Conversely, if the open space contracts impurity, the range is pure.
הלכה ז
פִּטְפּוּטֵי כִּירָה שְׁלֹשָׁה הָיָה גֹּבַהּ כָּל אֶחָד מֵהֶן שָׁלֹשׁ אֶצְבָּעוֹת אוֹ פָּחוֹת אִם נִטְמֵאת הַכִּירָה בֵּין בְּמַגָּע בֵּין בַּאֲוִיר נִטְמְאוּ שְׁלָשְׁתָּן. וְכֵן אִם הָיוּ אַרְבָּעָה. נִטַּל אֶחָד מֵהֶן אִם נִטְמֵאת הַכִּירָה בְּמַגָּע נִטְמְאוּ שְׁנֵי הַפִּטְפּוּטִים שֶׁנִּשְׁאֲרוּ וְאִם נִטְמֵאת בָּאֲוִיר לֹא נִטְמְאוּ עִמָּהּ. עָשָׂה לָהּ שְׁנֵי הַפִּטְפּוּטִים זֶה כְּנֶגֶד זֶה אִם נִטְמֵאת הַכִּירָה בְּמַגָּע נִטְמְאוּ. וְאִם נִטְמֵאת בָּאֲוִיר לֹא נִטְמְאוּ. הָיוּ הַפִּטְפּוּטִים גְּבוֹהִין מִשָּׁלֹשׁ אֶצְבָּעוֹת וּלְמַטָּה מִתְטַמְּאִין עִמָּהּ בֵּין שֶׁנִּטְמֵאת בְּמַגָּע בֵּין שֶׁנִּטְמֵאת בָּאֲוִיר. וּמִשָּׁלֹשׁ וּלְמַעְלָה מִתְטַמְּאִין עִמָּהּ אִם נִטְמֵאת בְּמַגָּע אֲבָל אִם נִטְמֵאת מֵאֲוִירָהּ בִּלְבַד אֵין מִתְטַמְּאִין עִמָּהּ. הָיוּ מְשׁוּכִין מִן הַשָּׂפָה בְּתוֹךְ שָׁלֹשׁ אֶצְבָּעוֹת מִתְטַמְּאִין עִמָּהּ בֵּין שֶׁנִּטְמֵאת בְּמַגָּע בֵּין שֶׁנִּטְמֵאתָ בָּאֲוִיר. הָיוּ חוּץ לְשָׁלֹשׁ אֶצְבָּעוֹת מִתְטַמְּאִין עִמָּהּ אִם נִטְמֵאת בְּמַגָּע וְאִם נִטְמֵאת בָּאֲוִיר בִּלְבַד אֵין מִתְטַמְּאִין עִמָּהּ. וְאֵין מְדַקְדְּקִין בְּכָל הַשִּׁעוּרִין הָאֵלּוּ שֶׁכֻּלָּן הֵן מִדִּבְרֵי סוֹפְרִים:
כסף משנה
7.
The following laws apply with regard to trivets on which a pot is placed on a range. If each of them was three fingerbreadths high or less, if the range contracts impurity - whether through contact with a source of impurity or due to the presence of a source of impurity in its inner space - all three contract impurity. Similar laws apply if there are four protrusions on which a pot is placed.If one of the protrusions of the trivet is removed, a slight leniency is granted. If the range contracts impurity from contact with a source of impurity, the two remaining protrusions also contract impurity. But if the range contracts impurity due to the presence of impurity in its inner space, the protrusions do not contract impurity.
If at the outset only two protrusions - one opposite the other - were made to support a pot on a range, similar laws apply. If the range contracts impurity from contact with a source of impurity, the protrusions also contract impurity. But if the range contracts impurity due to the presence of impurity in its inner space, the protrusions do not contract impurity.
When the trivet was more than three fingerbreadths high, the portions that are three fingerbreadths high and lower contract impurity together with the range whether through contact with a source of impurity or due to the presence of a source of impurity in its inner space. The portions higher than three fingerbreadths contract impurity together with the range if it contracts impurity through contact with a source of impurity. If, however, it contracts impurity due to the presence of a source of impurity in its inner space, it does not contract impurity with it.
If the protrusions are removed from the rim of the range, when they are located within three fingerbreadths of the rim, they contract impurity together with the range whether through contact with a source of impurity or due to the presence of a source of impurity in its inner space. When they are located beyond three fingerbreadths from the rim, they contract impurity together with the range if it contracts impurity through contact with a source of impurity. If, however, it contracts impurity due to the presence of a source of impurity in its inner space, the protrusions do not contract impurity with it.
We are not extremely meticulous with regard to these measurments, for they are all of Rabbinic origin.