Halacha
הלכה א
סֵדֶר כָּל הַמַּעֲשִׂים שֶׁבְּיוֹם זֶה כָּךְ הוּא. כַּחֲצוֹת הַלַּיְלָה מְפִיסִין לִתְרוּמַת הַדֶּשֶׁן. וּמְסַדְּרִין אֶת הַמַּעֲרָכָה וּמְדַשְּׁנִין אֶת הַמִּזְבֵּחַ כְּדֶרֶךְ שֶׁעוֹשִׂין בְּכָל יוֹם עַל הַסֵּדֶר שֶׁבֵּאַרְנוּ עַד שֶׁיַּגִּיעוּ לִשְׁחִיטַת הַתָּמִיד. כְּשֶׁיַּגִּיעוּ לִשְׁחֹט אֶת הַתָּמִיד פּוֹרְסִין סָדִין שֶׁל בּוּץ בֵּין כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל וּבֵין הָעָם. וְלָמָּה שֶׁל בּוּץ כְּדֵי שֶׁיַּכִּיר שֶׁעֲבוֹדַת הַיּוֹם בְּבִגְדֵי בּוּץ. וּפוֹשֵׁט בִּגְדֵי חֹל וְטוֹבֵל וְלוֹבֵשׁ בִּגְדֵי זָהָב וּמְקַדֵּשׁ יָדָיו וְרַגְלָיו. וְשׁוֹחֵט בְּתָמִיד רֹב שְׁנַיִם וּמַנִּיחַ אַחֵר לִגְמֹר הַשְּׁחִיטָה. וּמְקַבֵּל הַדָּם וְזוֹרְקוֹ עַל הַמִּזְבֵּחַ כְּמִצְוָתוֹ. וְאַחַר כָּךְ נִכְנָס לַהֵיכָל וּמַקְטִיר קְטֹרֶת שֶׁל שַׁחַר וּמֵיטִיב אֶת הַנֵּרוֹת. וּמַקְטִיר אֵיבְרֵי הַתָּמִיד וְהַחֲבִיתִין וְהַנְּסָכִים כְּכָל סֵדֶר הַתָּמִיד שֶׁל כָּל יוֹם שֶׁבֵּאַרְנוּ. וְאַחַר הַתָּמִיד מַקְרִיב הַפָּר וְשִׁבְעַת הַכְּבָשִׂים שֶׁל מוּסַף הַיּוֹם. וְאַחַר כָּךְ מְקַדֵּשׁ יָדָיו וְרַגְלָיו וּפוֹשֵׁט בִּגְדֵי זָהָב. וְטוֹבֵל וְלוֹבֵשׁ בִּגְדֵי לָבָן וּמְקַדֵּשׁ יָדָיו וְרַגְלָיו. וּבָא לוֹ אֵצֶל פָּרוֹ. וּפָרוֹ הָיָה עוֹמֵד בֵּין הָאוּלָם וְלַמִּזְבֵּחַ רֹאשׁוֹ לַדָּרוֹם וּפָנָיו לַמַּעֲרָב וְהַכֹּהֵן עוֹמֵד בַּמִּזְרָח וּפָנָיו לַמַּעֲרָב. וְסוֹמֵךְ שְׁתֵּי יָדָיו עַל רֹאשׁ הַפָּר וּמִתְוַדֶּה. וְכָךְ הָיָה אוֹמֵר אָנָּא הַשֵּׁם חָטָאתִי עָוִיתִי פָּשַׁעְתִּי לְפָנֶיךָ אֲנִי וּבֵיתִי. אָנָּא הַשֵּׁם כַּפֵּר נָא לַחֲטָאִים וְלַעֲוֹנוֹת וְלַפְּשָׁעִים שֶׁחָטָאתִי וְשֶׁעָוִיתִי וְשֶׁפָּשַׁעְתִּי לְפָנֶיךָ אֲנִי וּבֵיתִי כַּכָּתוּב בְּתוֹרַת משֶׁה עַבְדֶּךָ לֵאמֹר (ויקרא טז ל) "כִּי בַיּוֹם הַזֶּה יְכַפֵּר עֲלֵיכֶם לְטַהֵר אֶתְכֶם מִכּל חַטֹּאתֵיכֶם לִפְנֵי ה' תִּטְהָרוּ". וְאַחַר כָּךְ מַגְרִיל עַל שְׁנֵי הַשְּׂעִירִים. וְקוֹשֵׁר לָשׁוֹן שֶׁל זְהוֹרִית בְּרֹאשׁ הַמִּשְׁתַּלֵּחַ וּמַעֲמִידוֹ כְּנֶגֶד בֵּית שִׁלּוּחוֹ וְלַנִּשְׁחָט כְּנֶגֶד בֵּית שְׁחִיטָתוֹ. וּבָא לוֹ אֵצֶל פָּרוֹ שְׁנִיָּה וְסוֹמֵךְ שְׁתֵּי יָדָיו עַל רֹאשׁוֹ וּמִתְוַדֶּה וִדּוּי שֵׁנִי. וְכָךְ הוּא אוֹמֵר אָנָּא הַשֵּׁם חָטָאתִי עָוִיתִי פָּשַׁעְתִּי לְפָנֶיךָ אֲנִי וּבֵיתִי וּבְנֵי אַהֲרֹן עַם קְדוֹשֶׁיךָ. אָנָּא הַשֵּׁם כַּפֵּר נָא לַחֲטָאִים וְלַעֲוֹנוֹת וְלַפְּשָׁעִים שֶׁחָטָאתִי וְשֶׁעָוִיתִי וְשֶׁפָּשַׁעְתִּי לְפָנֶיךָ אֲנִי וּבֵיתִי וּבְנֵי אַהֲרֹן עַם קְדוֹשֶׁיךָ כַּכָּתוּב בְּתוֹרַת משֶׁה עַבְדֶּךָ כִּי בַיּוֹם הַזֶּה וְגוֹ'. וְאַחַר כָּךְ שׁוֹחֵט אֶת הַפָּר וּמְקַבֵּל אֶת דָּמוֹ וְנוֹתְנוֹ לְמִי שֶׁהוּא מְנַדְנְדוֹ שֶׁלֹּא יִקָּרֵשׁ (וּמַנִּיחָהּ) עַל הָרֹבֶד הָרְבִיעִי שֶׁל הֵיכָל מִבַּחוּץ. וְנוֹטֵל אֶת הַמַּחְתָּה וְחוֹתֶה בָּהּ אֵשׁ מֵעַל הַמִּזְבֵּחַ מִן הַסָּמוּךְ לַמַּעֲרָב. שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ויקרא טז יב) "מֵעַל הַמִּזְבֵּחַ מִלִּפְנֵי ה'". וְיוֹרֵד וּמַנִּיחָהּ עַל הָרֹבֶד שֶׁבָּעֲזָרָה. וּמוֹצִיאִין לוֹ אֶת הַכַּף וּכְלִי מָלֵא קְטֹרֶת דַּקָּה מִן הַדַּקָּה. וְחוֹפֵן מִמֶּנָּה מְלֹא חָפְנָיו לֹא מְחוּקוֹת וְלֹא גְּדוּשׁוֹת אֶלָּא טְפוּפוֹת הַגָּדוֹל לְפִי גָּדְלוֹ וְהַקָּטָן לְפִי קָטְנוֹ וְנוֹתֵן לְתוֹךְ הַכַּף. כְּבָר בֵּאַרְנוּ שֶׁהוֹלָכָה בִּשְׂמֹאל פּוֹסֶלֶת בְּדַם הַקָּדָשִׁים וּשְׁאָר הָעֲבוֹדוֹת. וּלְפִיכָךְ הָיָה מִן הַדִּין שֶׁיּוֹלִיךְ הַמַּחְתָּה בִּשְׂמֹאלוֹ וְכַף הַקְּטֹרֶת בִּימִינוֹ. אֲבָל מִפְּנֵי כֹּבֶד הַמַּחְתָּה וְעוֹד שֶׁהִיא חַמָּה. אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לְסָבְלָהּ בִּשְׂמֹאלוֹ עַד הָאָרוֹן. לְפִיכָךְ נוֹטֵל הַמַּחְתָּה בִּימִינוֹ וְכַף הַקְּטֹרֶת בִּשְׂמֹאלוֹ. וּמְהַלֵּךְ בַּהֵיכָל עַד שֶׁהוּא מַגִּיעַ לְקֹדֶשׁ הַקָּדָשִׁים. מָצָא הַפָּרֹכֶת פְּרוּפָה נִכְנַס לְקֹדֶשׁ הַקָּדָשִׁים עַד שֶׁהוּא מַגִּיעַ לָאָרוֹן. הִגִּיעַ לָאָרוֹן נוֹתֵן הַמַּחְתָּה בֵּין שְׁנֵי הַבַּדִּים וּבְבַיִת שֵׁנִי שֶׁלֹּא הָיָה אָרוֹן הָיָה מַנִּיחָהּ עַל אֶבֶן הַשְּׁתִיָּה. וְאוֹחֵז שְׂפַת הַכַּף בְּרָאשֵׁי אֶצְבְּעוֹתָיו אוֹ בְּשִׁנָּיו. וּמְעָרֶה הַקְּטֹרֶת בְּגוּדָלוֹ לְתוֹךְ חָפְנָיו עַד שֶׁמַּחְזִירָהּ לִמְלֹא חָפְנָיו כְּשֶׁהָיְתָה. וְזוֹ הִיא עֲבוֹדָה קָשָׁה שֶׁבַּמִּקְדָּשׁ. וְצוֹבֵר אֶת הַקְּטֹרֶת עַל גַּבֵּי הַגֶּחָלִים בְּיָדוֹ לְפָנִים בַּמַּחְתָּה. כְּדֵי שֶׁתִּהְיֶה הַקְּטֹרֶת קְרוֹבָה לָאָרוֹן וּרְחוֹקָה מִפָּנָיו שֶׁלֹּא יִכָּוֶה. וּמַמְתִּין שָׁם עַד שֶׁיִּתְמַלֵּא הַבַּיִת עָשָׁן וְיֵצֵא. וְהוּא מְהַלֵּךְ אֲחוֹרַנִּית מְעַט מְעַט פָּנָיו לַקֹּדֶשׁ וַאֲחוֹרָיו לַהֵיכָל עַד שֶׁיֵּצֵא מִן הַפָּרֹכֶת. וּמִתְפַּלֵּל שָׁם בַּהֵיכָל אַחַר שֶׁיֵּצֵא תְּפִלָּה קְצָרָה שֶׁלֹּא לְהַבְעִית אֶת הָעָם שֶׁמָּא יֹאמְרוּ מֵת בַּהֵיכָל. וְכָךְ הָיָה מִתְפַּלֵּל. יְהִי רָצוֹן מִלְּפָנֶיךָ ה' אֱלֹהֵינוּ שֶׁאִם תִּהְיֶה שָׁנָה זוֹ שְׁחוּנָה תִּהְיֶה גְּשׁוּמָה. וְלֹא יָסוּר שֵׁבֶט מִבֵּית יְהוּדָה. וְלֹא יִהְיוּ עַמְּךָ בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל צְרִיכִין לְפַרְנָסָה [א.] וְאַל תִּכָּנֵס לְפָנֶיךָ תְּפִלַּת עוֹבְרֵי דְּרָכִים:
כסף משנה
1.
The order of all the practices carried out on this day is the following: At midnight, the lottery is held for the removal of the ashes of the altar. The wood for the altar is arranged and the ashes are removed from the altar as is done each day according to the order we explained until they reach the slaughter of the continuous offering.When they reach the slaughter of the continuous offering, a linen sheet is spread out between the High Priest and the people. Why is linen used? So that all will realize that the special service of the day is performed in linen garments. The High Priest removes his ordinary garments, immerses himself in the mikveh, puts on his golden garments, and sanctifies his hands and feet. He slits the majority of the two signs for kosher slaughter on the animal sacrificed as the continuous offering, but allows another person to complete the slaughter. He receives the blood and casts it on the altar as is commanded.
Afterwards, he enters the Temple Sanctuary and offers the morning incense-offering and lights the lamps of the Menorah. He offers the limbs of the continuous offering and the chavitin-offering on the altar's pyre and pours the libations according to the order in which the continuous offering is brought every day, as we explained. After the continuous offering, he offers the bull and the seven sheep of the additional offering of the day.
Afterwards, he sanctifies his hands and feet and removes his golden garments. He immerses himself, puts on his white garments, and sanctifies his hands and feet. He approaches his bull. The bull was standing between the Entrance Hall and the altar with its head to the south, but facing the west. The High Priest would stand to the east and face the west. He would place his two hands on the head of the bull and recite the confessional. He would say: "I beseech You, O God. I have sinned, transgressed, and committed iniquity, both I and my household. I beseech You, O God, atone for the sins, transgressions, and iniquities that I and my household have committed, as it is written in the Torah of Moses Your servant Leviticus 16:30: 'For on that day, he shall atone for you to purify yourselves for all their sins, before God you shall be purified.'
Afterwards, he performs the lottery for the two goats. He ties a crimson cord on the head of the goat to be sent to Azazel and positions it in the direction where it will be sent and ties such a cord on the goat to be slaughtered, hanging it over the place where it will be slaughtered. He approaches his bull a second time and places both his hands on its head and recites a second confessional. He would say: "I beseech You, O God. I have sinned, transgressed, and committed iniquity, I, my household, and the descendants of Aaron, Your holy nation. I beseech You, O God, atone for the sins, transgressions, and iniquities that I, my household, and the descendants of Aaron, Your holy nation, have committed, as it is written in the Torah of Moses Your servant Leviticus 16:30: 'For on that day.... '
Afterwards, he slaughters the bull and receives its blood. He gives it to another priest to stir so that it will not coagulate. He places it on the fourth projection outside the Temple Building. He takes the fire pan and uses it to remove burning coals from the altar from those close to the western side, for ibid.:12 speaks of taking coals "from the altar before God." He places it on the projection in the Temple Courtyard. The kaf is taken out for him and a container filled with incense that is extremely fine. He would take a full handful of incense. The handfuls of incense should not be pressed closely to his hand, nor piled up upon it, but rather overlapping it slightly. A High Priest with large hands should take large handfuls; one with small hands, smaller handfuls. He should place the incense in the kaf.
We already explained, that carrying a sacrificial substance in one's left hand disqualifies it with regard to the blood of the sacrificial animals and other services. Hence, it would be appropriate that he should carry the firepan in his left hand and the kaf with the incense in his right hand. Nevertheless, because of the weight of the firepan - and because it is hot - he would not be able to carry it with his left hand until he reached the Holy Ark. Therefore he should carry the firepan in his right hand and the kaf with the incense in his left.
He proceeds through the Sanctuary until he reaches the Holy of Holies. He finds the Parochet folded over. He proceeds into the Holy of Holies until he reaches the Holy Ark. When he reaches the ark, he places the firepan down between the two staves. In the Second Temple, when there was no ark, he would place it on the Foundation Stone. He would hold the edge of the kaf with his fingertips or with his teeth and push the incense with his thumb into his hand until he has a full handful as before. This was one of the difficult tasks in the Temple.
He would pile the incense over the coals with his hands on the inner portion of the firepan so that the incense would be close to the Ark and far from his face so that he would not be burnt. He waits there until the entire chamber fills up with smoke and then departs.
He walks backwards little by little with his face to the Holy of Holies and his back to the Sanctuary until he departs from within the parochet. He recites a short prayer in the Sanctuary so as not to scare the people, lest they say: "He died in the Sanctuary." He would pray in this manner: "May it be Your will, God, our Lord, that if this year was to be arid, it should be rainy. May the sovereignty not depart from the House of Judah. May Your nation Israel not be in need of sustenance. And may You not accept the prayers of wayfarers."
הלכה ב
בִּשְׁעַת הַקְטָרַת הַקְּטֹרֶת בְּקֹדֶשׁ הַקָּדָשִׁים. כָּל הָעָם פּוֹרְשִׁים מִן הַהֵיכָל בִּלְבַד וְאֵינָן פּוֹרְשִׁים מִבֵּין הָאוּלָם וְלַמִּזְבֵּחַ. שֶׁאֵין פּוֹרְשִׁים מִבֵּין הָאוּלָם וְלַמִּזְבֵּחַ אֶלָּא בִּשְׁעַת הַקְטָרָה בַּהֵיכָל בְּכָל יוֹם וּבִשְׁעַת מַתַּן דָּמִים בַּהֵיכָל כְּמוֹ שֶׁבֵּאַרְנוּ בְּהִלְכוֹת תְּמִידִין. וְאַחַר כָּךְ נוֹטֵל דַּם הַפָּר מִזֶּה שֶׁהוּא מְנַדְנְדוֹ. וְנִכְנָס בּוֹ לְקֹדֶשׁ הַקָּדָשִׁים וּמַזֶּה מִמֶּנּוּ שָׁם שְׁמוֹנֶה הַזָּיוֹת בֵּין בַּדֵּי הָאָרוֹן. וְיוֹצֵא וּמַנִּיחוֹ בַּהֵיכָל עַל כַּן הַזָּהָב שֶׁהָיָה שָׁם. וְאַחַר כָּךְ יוֹצֵא מִן הַהֵיכָל וְשׁוֹחֵט אֶת הַשָּׂעִיר וּמְקַבֵּל אֶת דָּמוֹ וְנִכְנָס בּוֹ לְקֹדֶשׁ הַקָּדָשִׁים. וּמַזֶּה מִמֶּנּוּ שָׁם שְׁמוֹנֶה הַזָּיוֹת בֵּין בַּדֵּי הָאָרוֹן. וְיוֹצֵא וּמַנִּיחוֹ עַל כַּן הַזָּהָב שֵׁנִי שֶׁבַּהֵיכָל. וְאַחַר כָּךְ נוֹטֵל דַּם הַפָּר מֵעַל הַכַּן וּמַזֶּה מִמֶּנּוּ עַל הַפָּרֹכֶת כְּנֶגֶד הָאָרוֹן שְׁמוֹנֶה הַזָּיוֹת וּמַנִּיחַ דַּם הַפָּר וְנוֹטֵל דַּם הַשָּׂעִיר וּמַזֶּה מִמֶּנּוּ עַל הַפָּרֹכֶת כְּנֶגֶד הָאָרוֹן שְׁמוֹנֶה הַזָּיוֹת. וְאַחַר כָּךְ מְעָרֶה דַּם הַפָּר לְתוֹךְ דַּם הַשָּׂעִיר וּמַחֲזִיר הַכּל לַמִּזְרָק שֶׁהָיָה בּוֹ דַּם הַפָּר כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּתְעָרְבוּ יָפֶה יָפֶה. וְעוֹמֵד לְפָנִים מִמִּזְבַּח הַזָּהָב בֵּין הַמִּזְבֵּחַ וְהַמְּנוֹרָה. וּמַתְחִיל לְהַזּוֹת מִדַּם הַתַּעֲרֹבֶת עַל קַרְנוֹת מִזְבַּח הַזָּהָב. וְהוּא מְסַבֵּב וְהוֹלֵךְ וּמַזֶּה עַל הַקְּרָנוֹת מִבַּחוּץ. וּמַתְחִיל מִקֶּרֶן מִזְרָחִית צְפוֹנִית. לִצְפוֹנִית מַעֲרָבִית. לְמַעֲרָבִית דְּרוֹמִית. לִדְרוֹמִית מִזְרָחִית. וְעַל כֻּלָּן הוּא נוֹתֵן מִלְּמַטָּן לְמַעְלָן. חוּץ מִן הָאַחֲרוֹנָה שֶׁהָיְתָה לְפָנָיו שֶׁהוּא נוֹתֵן מִלְּמַעְלָן לְמַטָּן. כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יִתְלַכְלְכוּ כֵּלָיו. וְחוֹתֶה הַגֶּחָלִים וְהָאֵפֶר שֶׁבְּמִזְבַּח הַזָּהָב הֵילָךְ וְהֵילָךְ עַד שֶׁמְּגַלֶּה זְהָבוֹ. וּמַזֶּה מִדַּם הַתַּעֲרֹבֶת עַל טָהֳרוֹ שֶׁל מִזְבֵּחַ שֶׁבַע פְּעָמִים בְּצַד הַדָּרוֹם בְּמָקוֹם שֶׁשָּׁלְמוּ מַתְּנוֹת קַרְנוֹתָיו. וְיוֹצֵא וְשׁוֹפֵךְ שְׁיָרֵי הַדָּם עַל יְסוֹד מַעֲרָבִי שֶׁל מִזְבֵּחַ הַחִיצוֹן. וְאַחַר כָּךְ בָּא אֵצֶל שָׂעִיר הַמִּשְׁתַּלֵּחַ וְסוֹמֵךְ שְׁתֵּי יָדָיו עַל רֹאשׁוֹ וּמִתְוַדֶּה. וְכָךְ הוּא אוֹמֵר אָנָּא הַשֵּׁם חָטְאוּ עָווּ וּפָשְׁעוּ לְפָנֶיךָ עַמְּךָ בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל. אָנָּא הַשֵּׁם כַּפֵּר נָא לַחֲטָאִים וְלַעֲוֹנוֹת וְלַפְּשָׁעִים שֶׁחָטְאוּ וְשֶׁעָווּ וְשֶׁפָּשְׁעוּ לְפָנֶיךָ עַמְּךָ בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל כַּכָּתוּב בְּתוֹרַת משֶׁה עַבְדֶּךָ (ויקרא טז ל) "כִּי בַיּוֹם הַזֶּה יְכַפֵּר עֲלֵיכֶם" וְגוֹ'. וְאַחַר כָּךְ מְשַׁלֵּחַ אֶת הַשָּׂעִיר לַמִּדְבָּר. וּמוֹצִיא אֵימוּרֵי פַּר וְשָׂעִיר שֶׁהִכְנִיס דָּמָן לְפָנִים וְנוֹתְנָן בִּכְלִי. וּמְשַׁלֵּחַ הַשְּׁאָר לְבֵית הַדֶּשֶׁן לִשְׂרֵפָה. וְיוֹצֵא לְעֶזְרַת הַנָּשִׁים וְקוֹרֵא שָׁם אַחַר שֶׁיַּגִּיעַ הַשָּׂעִיר לַמִּדְבָּר. וְאַחַר כָּךְ מְקַדֵּשׁ וּפוֹשֵׁט בִּגְדֵי לָבָן וְטוֹבֵל וְלוֹבֵשׁ בִּגְדֵי זָהָב וּמְקַדֵּשׁ יָדָיו וְרַגְלָיו. וְעוֹשֶׂה הַשָּׂעִיר הַנַּעֲשֶׂה בַּחוּץ שֶׁהוּא מִכְּלַל קָרְבְּנוֹת מוּסַף הַיּוֹם. וּמַקְרִיב אֵילוֹ וְאֵיל הָעָם שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ויקרא טז כד) "וְיָצָא וְעָשָׂה אֶת עלָתוֹ וְאֶת עלַת הָעָם". וּמַקְטִיר הָאֵימוּרִין שֶׁל פַּר וְשָׂעִיר הַנִּשְׂרָפִין. וּמַקְרִיב תָּמִיד שֶׁל בֵּין הָעַרְבַּיִם. וְאַחַר כָּךְ מְקַדֵּשׁ יָדָיו וְרַגְלָיו וּפוֹשֵׁט בִּגְדֵי זָהָב וְטוֹבֵל וְלוֹבֵשׁ בִּגְדֵי לָבָן וּמְקַדֵּשׁ וְנִכְנָס לְקֹדֶשׁ הַקָּדָשִׁים וּמוֹצִיא אֶת הַכַּף וְאֶת הַמַּחְתָּה. וְאַחַר כָּךְ מְקַדֵּשׁ וּפוֹשֵׁט בִּגְדֵי לָבָן וְטוֹבֵל וְלוֹבֵשׁ בִּגְדֵי זָהָב וּמְקַדֵּשׁ וּמַקְטִיר קְטֹרֶת שֶׁל בֵּין הָעַרְבַּיִם וּמֵיטִיב אֶת הַנֵּרוֹת שֶׁל בֵּין הָעַרְבַּיִם כִּשְׁאָר הַיָּמִים. וְאַחַר כָּךְ מְקַדֵּשׁ יָדָיו וְרַגְלָיו וּפוֹשֵׁט בִּגְדֵי זָהָב וְלוֹבֵשׁ בִּגְדֵי עַצְמוֹ וְיוֹצֵא לְבֵיתוֹ וְכָל הָעָם מְלַוִּין אוֹתוֹ עַד בֵּיתוֹ. וְיוֹם טוֹב הָיָה עוֹשֶׂה עַל שֶׁיָּצָא בְּשָׁלוֹם מִן הַקֹּדֶשׁ:
כסף משנה
2.
When the incense-offering was brought in the Holy of Holies, all of the people would withdraw from the Sanctuary alone. They would not withdraw from the area between the Entrance Hall and the altar, for it is not necessary to depart from between the Entrance Hall and the altar except when bringing the daily incense-offering and when blood is being presented in the Sanctuary, as we explained in Hilchot Temidim.Afterwards, he takes the blood of the bull from the priest who was stirring it and takes it into the Holy of Holies. He sprinkles it eight times between the staves of the Ark. He departs and places it down in the Sanctuary on a golden base located there. He then departs from the Sanctuary and slaughters the goat, receives its blood, and brings it into the Holy of Holies. He sprinkles it eight times between the staves of the Ark. He then departs and places it down on a second gold base in the Sanctuary. Afterwards, he lifts up the blood of the bull from the base and sprinkles it on the parochet opposite the ark eight times. He puts down the blood of the bull and picks up the blood of the goat and sprinkles it on the parochet opposite the ark eight times.
Afterwards, he pours the blood of the bull into the blood of the goat and pours the entire mixture into the container where the blood of the bull had been held so that they will be mixed thoroughly and stands before the golden altar, between the Menorah and the golden altar. He begins to apply the mixture of blood on the corners of the golden altar. He proceeds to circle it, sprinkling the blood on its corners from the outside as he proceeds.
He begins from the northeast corner, proceeds to the northwest, the southwest, and then to the southeast. In all instances, he applies the blood from below upward with the exception of the last application in which instance, the corner is directly before him. Hence he applies the blood from above downward so that his garments will not become soiled. He then moves the coals and the ashes of the Golden Altar back and forth until its golden surface is revealed. He applies the blood of the mixture on the pure golden surface of the altar seven times on its southern side, the place where he completed applying the blood to the corners. He then departs from the Sanctuary and pours the remainder of the blood on the west base of the outer altar.
Afterwards, he approaches the goat to be sent to Azazel. He places his two hands on its head and recites the confessional, saying: "I beseech You, O God. Your nation, the House of Israel, have sinned, transgressed, and committed iniquity. I beseech You, O God, atone for the sins, transgressions, and iniquities that Your nation, the House of Israel, have committed, as it is written in the Torah of Moses Your servant Leviticus 16:30: 'For on that day, he will atone for you.... ' Afterwards, he sends the goat to the desert.
He removes the fats and the organs from the bull and the goat that were slaughtered and whose blood was brought within the Temple Building and places them in a vessel. He sends the remainder to the ash pile to be burnt. He then goes out to the Women's Courtyard and reads the Torah there after the goat reaches the desert.
He then sanctifies his hands and feet, removes his white garments, immerses himself, puts on his golden garments, and sanctifies his hands and feet. He sacrifices the goat that is offered outside that is one of the additional offerings of the day and sacrifices his ram and the ram of the people, as ibid.:24 states: "And he goes out and offers his burnt-offering and the burnt-offering of the people." He offers the fats and organs of the bull and the goat which are burnt and offers the afternoon continuous offering.
Afterwards, he sanctifies his hands and feet, removes his golden garments, immerses himself, puts on his white garments, and sanctifies his hands and feet. He enters the Holy of Holies and removes the kaf and the firepan.
Afterwards, he sanctifies his hands and feet, removes his white garments, immerses himself, puts on his golden garments, and sanctifies his hands and feet. He offers the afternoon incense-offering and kindles the lamps of the Menorah for the evening as on other days. He then sanctifies his hands and feet, removes his golden garments, puts on his own clothes and goes home. All of the people accompany him to his home. He would make a festive celebration because he departed from the holy place in peace.