Halacha

הלכה א
כָּל אֹכֶל הַמְיֻחָד לְמַאֲכַל אָדָם כְּגוֹן לֶחֶם וּבָשָׂר וַעֲנָבִים וְזֵיתִים וְכַיּוֹצֵא בָּהֶן מְקַבֵּל טֻמְאָה וְכָל שֶׁאֵינוֹ מְיֻחָד לְמַאֲכַל אָדָם הֲרֵי זֶה טָהוֹר וְאֵינוֹ מְקַבֵּל טֻמְאָה אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן חִשֵּׁב עָלָיו וְיִחֲדוֹ לְמַאֲכַל אָדָם. וְזֶה וְזֶה אֵינוֹ מְקַבֵּל טֻמְאָה עַד שֶׁיִּבָּלֵל תְּחִלָּה בְּאֶחָד מִשִּׁבְעָה מַשְׁקִין וְזֶהוּ הַנִּקְרָא הֶכְשֵׁר שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ויקרא יא לח) "וְכִי יֻתַּן מַיִם עַל זֶרַע":
כסף משנה
1.
All foods that are designated for human consumption, e.g., bread, meat, grapes, olives, and the like, are susceptible to ritual impurity. All foods that are not designated for human consumption are pure and are not susceptible to ritual impurity unless one had a specific intent and set them aside for human consumption. No foods are susceptible to ritual impurity unless it was first dampened with one of the seven liquids. This dampening is referred to as hechsher. These concepts are derived from Leviticus 11:38 which states: "When water will be placed on a seed...."

הלכה ב
וְאֵלּוּ הֵן הַשִּׁבְעָה מַשְׁקִין שֶׁמַּכְשִׁירִין אֶת הָאֳכָלִין לְטֻמְאָה. הַמַּיִם וְהַטַּל וְהַשֶּׁמֶן וְהַיַּיִן וְהֶחָלָב וְהַדָּם וְהַדְּבַשׁ. וְאֵינָן מַכְשִׁירִין עַד שֶׁיִּפְּלוּ עַל הָאֳכָלִין בִּרְצוֹן הַבְּעָלִים. וְלֹא יִהְיוּ סְרוּחִין שֶׁהַמַּשְׁקֶה הַסָּרוּחַ אֵינוֹ מַכְשִׁיר. וְכֵיוָן שֶׁהֻכְשַׁר הָאֹכֶל אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁיָּבַשׁ וַהֲרֵי הוּא נָגוּב הֲרֵי זֶה מְקַבֵּל טֻמְאָה:
כסף משנה
2.
These are the seven liquids that make foods susceptible to impurity: water, dew, oil, wine, milk, blood, and honey.
They do not make foods susceptible to impurity unless they fall upon them as desired by the owner. Nor may they be squalid, for squalid liquids do not make food fit to contract impurity.
Once food has been made susceptible to ritual impurity, it retains that status after it is dry, with no liquid on it.

הלכה ג
אֹכֶל שֶׁהָיָה בָּלוּל בְּמֵי פֵּרוֹת כְּגוֹן מֵי תּוּתִים וְרִמּוֹנִים אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא בָּלוּל וְנָגַע בּוֹ הַזָּב אוֹ בְּשַׂר הַמֵּת הֲרֵי הוּא טָהוֹר מִפְּנֵי שֶׁלֹּא הֻכְשַׁר בְּאֶחָד מִשִּׁבְעָה הַמַּשְׁקִין:
כסף משנה
3.
When food has been dampened with fruit juice, e.g., berry juice or pomegranate juice, even though it is wet and was touched by a zav or the flesh of a corpse, it is pure, because it was not made susceptible to impurity by one of the seven liquids.

הלכה ד
אֵין שָׁם מַשְׁקֶה שֶׁמְּקַבֵּל טֻמְאָה אֶלָּא שִׁבְעַת הַמַּשְׁקִין שֶׁמָּנִינוּ בִּלְבַד אֲבָל שְׁאָר מֵי פֵּרוֹת כְּדֶרֶךְ שֶׁאֵין מַכְשִׁירִין כָּךְ אֵין מְקַבְּלִין טֻמְאָה כְּלָל:
כסף משנה
4.
Only the seven liquids that we mentioned are considered liquids that are susceptible to ritual impurity. Other fruit juices, by contrast, neither make foods susceptible to ritual impurity, nor do they contract ritual impurity themselves at all.

הלכה ה
זֵיתִים וַעֲנָבִים שֶׁלֹּא הֵבִיאוּ שְׁלִישׁ מַשְׁקִין הַיּוֹצְאִין מֵהֶן אֵינָן מַכְשִׁירִין וְלֹא מְקַבְּלִין טֻמְאָה אֶלָּא הֲרֵי הֵן כִּשְׁאָר מֵי פֵּרוֹת שֶׁהֵן טְהוֹרִין לְעוֹלָם:
כסף משנה
5.
When grapes and olives have not reached a third of their maturity, the liquids they produce do not make foods susceptible to ritual impurity, nor are these liquids themselves susceptible to ritual impurity. Instead, they are like other fruit juices and they are pure forever.

הלכה ו
אֵלּוּ דְּבָרִים שֶׁאֵינָן מְקַבְּלִין טֻמְאָה אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁבְּנֵי אָדָם אוֹכְלִין אוֹתָן לְפִי שֶׁאֵינָן נֶאֱכָלִין לַהֲנָאַת גּוּפָן אֶלָּא מִפְּנֵי שֶּׁנּוֹתְנִין טַעַם בְּמַאֲכָלוֹת אוֹ מִפְּנֵי הָרֵיחַ אוֹ הַמַּרְאֶה. וְאֵלּוּ הֵן. הַקֹּשְׁט וְהַחָמָס וְרָאשֵׁי בְּשָׂמִים וְהַתִּיאָה וְהַחִלְתִּית וְהַפִּלְפְּלִין וְחַלּוֹת חָרִיעַ. וְכֵן כָּל כַּיּוֹצֵא בָּהֶן:
כסף משנה
6.
The following herbs are not susceptible to ritual impurity even though people eat them. The rationale is that they are not eaten to receive benefit from them as independent entities, but because they impart flavor, aroma, or appearance to other foods. They include: ginger, aldartzini, the primary spices, asafetida root, asafetida, pepper, or safflower. Similar laws apply with regard to all analogous substances.

הלכה ז
הַשֶּׁבֶת סְתָמוֹ לַאֲכִילַת גּוּפוֹ כִּשְׁאָר יַרְקוֹת שָׂדֶה וְאִם חָשַׁב עָלָיו לִקְדֵרָה אֵינוֹ מִתְטַמֵּא טֻמְאַת אֳכָלִין. וְהַשֶׁבֶת מִשֶּׁנָּתְנָה טַעַם לִקְדֵרָה הֲרֵי זוֹ כְּזֶבֶל וְאֵינָהּ מִתְטַמְּאָה טֻמְאַת אֳכָלִין:
כסף משנה
7.
Dill can be assumed to be used to be eaten itself like other vegetables of the field. If it is intended to flavor a cooked dish, it does not contract the impurity of foods. Once dill has imparted flavor to a cooked dish, it is considered as a waste product and it does not contract the impurity of foods.

הלכה ח
הַתְּמָרִים וְהַגְּרוֹגָרוֹת שֶׁנָּתַן לִקְדֵרָה כְּתַבְלִין עֲדַיִן הֵן מִתְטַמְּאִין טֻמְאַת אֳכָלִין עַד שֶׁיִּפָּסְדוּ מִלֶּאֱכל אָדָם:
כסף משנה
8.
Dates and dried figs that were placed in a cooked dish as spices still contract the impurity associated with foods until they become spoiled to the point that they are not fit for human consumption.

הלכה ט
הַכַּרְשִׁינִים אִם יִחֲדָן לְמַאֲכַל אָדָם מִתְטַמְּאִין טֻמְאַת אֳכָלִין:
כסף משנה
9.
If vetch was designated for human consumption, it contracts the impurity associated with foods.

הלכה י
הַקּוֹר הֲרֵי הוּא כְּעֵץ לְכָל דָּבָר וְאִם שְׁלָקוֹ וְטִגְּנוֹ מִתְטַמֵּא טֻמְאַת אֳכָלִין:
כסף משנה
10.
Hearts of palm are considered as wood in every way. If they were cooked and fried, they contract the impurity associated with foods.

הלכה יא
הַחַרְצַנִּין וְהַזַּגִּין אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁכְּנָסָן לָאֳכָלִין אֵינָן מִתְטַמְּאִין טֻמְאַת אֳכָלִין:
כסף משנה
11.
Grape seeds and grape pomace, even though they were collected to serve as food, do not contract the impurity associated with foods.

הלכה יב
זֵיתִים וַעֲנָבִים הַקָּשִׁים שֶׁנִּפְרָצִין וְיוֹצְאִין מִתַּחַת הַקּוֹרָה בִּשְׁעַת הַדְּרִיכָה אֵינָן מְקַבְּלִין טֻמְאָה. וְעַד כַּמָּה עַד אַרְבָּעָה קַבִּין לְכָל כּוֹר. הָיָה הַנִּפְרָץ יֶתֶר מִזֶּה מְקַבְּלִין טֻמְאָה. וְאִם כְּנָסָן לָאֳכָלִין אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהֵן פָּחוֹת מֵאַרְבָּעָה קַבִּין מְקַבְּלִין טֻמְאָה:
כסף משנה
12.
Hard olives and grapes that slip out and emerge from under the beam of the press while the produce is being pressed are not susceptible to ritual impurity.
To what degree is this leniency granted? For four kabbin for every kor. If more than that amount emerge, they are susceptible to ritual impurity. If they were set aside to be eaten, even if there are less than four kabbin, they are susceptible to ritual impurity.

הלכה יג
הַכַּפְנִיוֹת וְהַפַּגִּין וְהַבֹּסֶר וְהַקֶּצַח הֲרֵי הֵן כָּאֳכָלִין וּמְקַבְּלִין טֻמְאָה:
כסף משנה
13.
Budding dates, budding fruit, underdeveloped fruit, and black cumin are all considered as foods and they are susceptible to ritual impurity.

הלכה יד
לוּלְבֵי זְרָדִים וְחָרוּבִין וְשֶׁל עֲדָל וַעֲלֵי הַלּוּף הַשּׁוֹטֶה אֵינָן מְקַבְּלוֹת טֻמְאָה עַד שֶׁיִּתְמַתְּקוּ:
כסף משנה
14.
Budding leaves from branches, carob trees, pepperweed and wild onions are not susceptible to impurity until they are sweetened.

הלכה טו
הַחַרְדָּל וְהַתֻּרְמְסִין וּשְׁאָר כָּל הַנִּכְבָּשִׁין מִטַּמְּאִין טֻמְאַת אֳכָלִין בֵּין מִשֶּׁהִמְתִּיקוּ בֵּין עַד שֶׁלֹּא הִמְתִּיקוּ:
כסף משנה
15.
Mustard seeds, lupine beans, and other foods that are pickled are susceptible to the impurity associated with foods both after they have been sweetened and before they have been sweetened.

הלכה טז
זֵיתִים שֶׁכְּבָשָׁן בְּעָלִין שֶׁלָּהֶן אֵין הֶעָלִין מְקַבְּלִין טֻמְאָה. שֶׁלֹּא כְּבָשָׁן לָאֳכָלִין אֶלָּא לְמַרְאֶה:
כסף משנה
16.
When olives have been pickled together with their leaves, the leaves are not susceptible to ritual impurity, for they have not been pickled to be eaten, only for the sake of their appearance.

הלכה יז
כְּשׁוּת שֶׁל קִשּׁוּת וְהַנֵּץ שֶׁלָּהּ אֵין מְקַבְּלִין טֻמְאָה מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאֵינוֹ אֹכֶל:
כסף משנה
17.
The hairs of zucchini and its flower are not susceptible to ritual impurity, because they are not food.

הלכה יח
דְּבַשׁ בְּכַוַּרְתּוֹ מְטַמֵּא טֻמְאַת אֳכָלִין שֶׁלֹּא בְּמַחְשָׁבָה. רָדָה הַדְּבַשׁ מִשֶּׁיְּרַסֵּק הַחַלּוֹת מִתְטַמֵּא מִשּׁוּם מַשְׁקֶה. דְּבַשׁ הַזָּב מִכַּוַּרְתּוֹ מִתְטַמֵּא טֻמְאַת מַשְׁקִין. חָשַׁב עָלָיו לָאֳכָלִין מִתְטַמֵּא טֻמְאַת אֳכָלִין:
כסף משנה
18.
When honey is in its beehive, it is susceptible to the ritual impurity associated with foods, even if one does not designate it as food in his mind. When one begins removing the honey, when the honey combs are broken, the honey is susceptible to impurity as a liquid. When honey flows out of a beehive, it is susceptible to impurity as a liquid. If one considers it as a food, it is susceptible to impurity as a food.

הלכה יט
הַשֶּׁמֶן הַקָּרוּשׁ אֵינוֹ אֹכֶל וְלֹא מַשְׁקֶה. חָשַׁב עָלָיו כְּשֶׁהוּא קָרוּשׁ בֵּין לָאֳכָלִין בֵּין לְמַשְׁקִין בָּטְלָה דַּעְתּוֹ. וְכֵן הַדָּם שֶׁקָּרַשׁ אֵינוֹ אֹכֶל וְלֹא מַשְׁקֶה. חָשַׁב עָלָיו לָאֳכָלִין מִתְטַמֵּא טֻמְאַת אֳכָלִין. חָשַׁב עָלָיו לְמַשְׁקִין בָּטְלָה דַּעְתּוֹ:
כסף משנה
19.
Oil that has congealed is neither considered as food, nor a liquid in this context. Even if one thinks of it while it is congealed as a food or a liquid, his thought is of no consequence. Similarly, when blood has congealed, it is neither considered as food, nor a liquid. If one thinks of it as a food, it is susceptible to the ritual impurity associated with foods. If one thinks of it as a liquid, his thought is of no consequence.

הלכה כ
חָלָב שֶׁקָּרַשׁ לֹא אֹכֶל וְלֹא מַשְׁקֶה. חָשַׁב עָלָיו לָאֳכָלִין מִתְטַמֵּא טֻמְאַת אֳכָלִין. לְמַשְׁקִין בָּטְלָה דַּעְתּוֹ:
כסף משנה
20.
When milk has congealed, it is neither considered as food, nor a liquid. If one thinks of it as a food, it is susceptible to the ritual impurity associated with foods. If one thinks of it as a liquid, his thought is of no consequence.

הלכה כא
דְּבַשׁ תְּמָרִים לֹא אֹכֶל וְלֹא מַשְׁקֶה. חָשַׁב עָלָיו לָאֳכָלִין מִתְטַמֵּא טֻמְאַת אֳכָלִין. לְמַשְׁקִין בָּטְלָה דַּעְתּוֹ. וּשְׁאָר כָּל מֵי פֵּרוֹת כֻּלָּן לֹא אֹכֶל וְלֹא מַשְׁקֶה. חָשַׁב עָלָיו בֵּין לָאֳכָלִין בֵּין לְמַשְׁקִין בָּטְלָה דַּעְתּוֹ:
כסף משנה
21.
Date honey is neither considered as food, nor a liquid. If one thinks of it as a food, it is susceptible to the ritual impurity associated with foods. If one thinks of it as a liquid, his thought is of no consequence. All other fruit juices are neither considered as foods, nor liquids with regard to ritual impurity. If one thinks of one as a food or a liquid, his thought is of no consequence.

הלכה כב
הַשֶּׁלֶג אֵינוֹ אֹכֶל וְלֹא מַשְׁקֶה. חָשַׁב עָלָיו לָאֳכָלִין בָּטְלָה דַּעְתּוֹ. לְמַשְׁקִין מִתְטַמֵּא טֻמְאַת מַשְׁקִין. נִטְמָא מִקְצָתוֹ לֹא נִטְמָא כֻּלּוֹ. הֶעֱבִירוֹ עַל גַּבֵּי כְּלִי חֶרֶס הַטָּמֵא נִטְמָא כֻּלּוֹ:
כסף משנה
22.
Snow is neither considered as food, nor a liquid. If one thinks of it as a food, his thought is of no consequence. If one thinks of it as a liquid, it is susceptible to the ritual impurity associated with liquids. If a portion of it contracted impurity, the entire quantity is not considered as impure. If the snow was passed over an impure earthenware container, all of it becomes impure.

הלכה כג
הֶחָלָב שֶׁבַּכְּחַל שֶׁחָשַׁב עָלָיו בָּטְלָה דַּעְתּוֹ וַהֲרֵי הוּא טָהוֹר. חָשַׁב עַל הֶחָלָב שֶׁבַּקֵּיבָה הֲרֵי זֶה מִתְטַמֵּא טֻמְאַת אֳכָלִין:
כסף משנה
23.
When one had in mind to use milk that is in the teats of a slaughtered animal, his thought is of no consequence and it is pure. If he had the intent to use congealed milk that is in the stomach of a slaughtered nursing animal, it is susceptible to the ritual impurity associated with foods.

הלכה כד
עֲנָבִים שֶׁדְּרָכָן מִשֶּׁיְּהַלֵּךְ בָּהֶן הַדּוֹרֵךְ שְׁתִי וָעֵרֶב מִתְטַמְּאִין מַשְׁקִין. נִשְׁתַּיֵּר בָּהֶן גַּרְגְּרִין שְׁלֵמִים אוֹתָן גַּרְגְּרִין מִתְטַמְּאִין טֻמְאַת אֳכָלִין. וְכֵן הַזֵּיתִים מִשֶּׁיִּטְעֲנוּם מִתְטַמְּאִין טֻמְאַת מַשְׁקִין. נִשְׁתַּיְּרוּ בָּהֶן גַּרְגְּרִין שְׁלֵמִין מִתְטַמְּאִין טֻמְאַת אֳכָלִין:
כסף משנה
24.
When grapes have been trodden upon, once one has crisscrossed over them, they are susceptible to the ritual impurity associated with liquids. If whole grapes remain, those grapes are susceptible to the ritual impurity associated with foods.
Similarly, when olives are loaded in an olive press, they are susceptible to the ritual impurity associated with liquids. If whole olives remain, those olives are susceptible to the ritual impurity associated with foods.

הלכה כה
הָעָרְלָה. וְכִלְאֵי הַכֶּרֶם. וְשׁוֹר הַנִּסְקָל שֶׁנִּשְׁחַט. וְעֶגְלָה עֲרוּפָה בֵּין שֶׁנִּשְׁחֲטָה בֵּין שֶׁנֶּעֶרְפָה. וְצִפֳּרֵי מְצֹרָע. וּפֶטֶר חֲמוֹר. וּבָשָׂר בְּחָלָב. וּבְשַׂר פָּרָה אֲדֻמָּה. וְהַפִּגּוּל. וְהַנּוֹתָר. אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁכָּל אֵלּוּ אֲסוּרִין בַּהֲנָאָה כֻּלָּן מִתְטַמְּאִין טֻמְאַת אֳכָלִין:
כסף משנה
25.
Although it is forbidden to benefit from any of the following: produce that is orlah, mixed species that grew in a vineyard, the meat of an ox sentenced to be stoned that was slaughtered, the meat of a calf designated to have its neck broken, whether it was slaughtered beforehand or whether its neck was broken, the birds used to purify a person afflicted with tzara'at, a firstling donkey, a mixture of milk and meat, the meat of the red heifer, and meat from a sacrifice that is piggul or notar are all susceptible to the ritual impurity associated with foods.

טהרה הלכות טומאת אוכלים פרק א
Taharah Tumas Ochalin Chapter 1