Posuk
יח:א
וַיְהִ֗י כְּכַלֹּתוֹ֙ לְדַבֵּ֣ר אֶל־שָׁא֔וּל וְנֶ֙פֶשׁ֙ יְה֣וֹנָתָ֔ן נִקְשְׁרָ֖ה בְּנֶ֣פֶשׁ דָּוִ֑ד <span class="mam-kq"><span class="mam-kq-k">(ויאהבו)</span> <span class="mam-kq-q">[וַיֶּֽאֱהָבֵ֥הוּ]</span></span> יְהוֹנָתָ֖ן כְּנַפְשֽׁוֹ׃
רש"י
רד''ק
1.
When [David] finished speaking with Saul, Jonathan’s soul became bound up with the soul of David; Jonathan loved David as himself.יח:ב
וַיִּקָּחֵ֥הוּ שָׁא֖וּל בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֑וּא וְלֹ֣א נְתָנ֔וֹ לָשׁ֖וּב בֵּ֥ית אָבִֽיו׃
רש"י
רד''ק
2.
Saul took him [into his service] that day and would not let him return to his father’s house.—יח:ג
וַיִּכְרֹ֧ת יְהוֹנָתָ֛ן וְדָוִ֖ד בְּרִ֑ית בְּאַהֲבָת֥וֹ אֹת֖וֹ כְּנַפְשֽׁוֹ׃
רש"י
רד''ק
3.
Jonathan and David made a pact, because [Jonathan] loved him as himself.יח:ד
וַיִּתְפַּשֵּׁ֣ט יְהוֹנָתָ֗ן אֶֽת־הַמְּעִיל֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָלָ֔יו וַֽיִּתְּנֵ֖הוּ לְדָוִ֑ד וּמַדָּ֕יו וְעַד־חַרְבּ֥וֹ וְעַד־קַשְׁתּ֖וֹ וְעַד־חֲגֹרֽוֹ׃
רש"י
רד''ק
4.
Jonathan took off the cloak and tunic he was wearing and gave them to David, together with his sword, bow, and belt.יח:ה
וַיֵּצֵ֨א דָוִ֜ד בְּכֹל֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִשְׁלָחֶ֤נּוּ שָׁאוּל֙ יַשְׂכִּ֔יל וַיְשִׂמֵ֣הוּ שָׁא֔וּל עַ֖ל אַנְשֵׁ֣י הַמִּלְחָמָ֑ה וַיִּיטַב֙ בְּעֵינֵ֣י כׇל־הָעָ֔ם וְגַ֕ם בְּעֵינֵ֖י עַבְדֵ֥י שָׁאֽוּל׃ <span class="mam-spi-pe">{פ}</span><br>
רש"י
רד''ק
5.
David went out [with the troops], and he was successful in every mission on which Saul sent him, and Saul put him in command of all the soldiers; this pleased all the troops and Saul’s courtiers as well.יח:ו
וַיְהִ֣י בְּבוֹאָ֗ם בְּשׁ֤וּב דָּוִד֙ מֵהַכּ֣וֹת אֶת־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔י וַתֵּצֶ֨אנָה הַנָּשִׁ֜ים מִכׇּל־עָרֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ <span class="mam-kq"><span class="mam-kq-k">(לשור)</span> <span class="mam-kq-q">[לָשִׁ֣יר]</span></span> וְהַמְּחֹל֔וֹת לִקְרַ֖את שָׁא֣וּל הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ בְּתֻפִּ֥ים בְּשִׂמְחָ֖ה וּבְשָׁלִשִֽׁים׃
רש"י
רד''ק
6.
When the [troops] came home [and] David returned from killing the Philistine, <sup class="footnote-marker">a</sup><i class="footnote">Meaning of Heb. uncertain. Septuagint reads “the dancing women came out to meet David from all the towns of Israel.”</i>the women of all the towns of Israel came out singing and dancing to greet King Saul<sup class="endFootnote">-a</sup> with timbrels, shouting, and sistrums.<sup class="footnote-marker">b</sup><i class="footnote">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i>יח:ז
וַֽתַּעֲנֶ֛ינָה הַנָּשִׁ֥ים הַֽמְשַׂחֲק֖וֹת וַתֹּאמַ֑רְןָ הִכָּ֤ה שָׁאוּל֙ <span class="mam-kq-trivial">בַּאֲלָפָ֔ו </span>וְדָוִ֖ד בְּרִבְבֹתָֽיו׃
רש"י
רד''ק
7.
The women sang as they danced, and they chanted:<br>Saul has slain his thousands;<br>David, his tens of thousands!יח:ח
וַיִּ֨חַר לְשָׁא֜וּל מְאֹ֗ד וַיֵּ֤רַע בְּעֵינָיו֙ הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֔ה וַיֹּ֗אמֶר נָתְנ֤וּ לְדָוִד֙ רְבָב֔וֹת וְלִ֥י נָתְנ֖וּ הָאֲלָפִ֑ים וְע֥וֹד ל֖וֹ אַ֥ךְ הַמְּלוּכָֽה׃
רש"י
רד''ק
8.
Saul was much distressed and greatly vexed about the matter. For he said, “To David they have given tens of thousands, and to me they have given thousands. All that he lacks is the kingship!”יח:ט
וַיְהִ֥י שָׁא֖וּל <span class="mam-kq"><span class="mam-kq-k">(עון)</span> <span class="mam-kq-q">[עוֹיֵ֣ן]</span></span> אֶת־דָּוִ֑ד מֵֽהַיּ֥וֹם הַה֖וּא וָהָֽלְאָה׃ <span class="mam-spi-samekh">{ס}</span>
רש"י
רד''ק
9.
From that day on Saul kept a jealous eye on David.יח:י
וַיְהִ֣י מִֽמׇּחֳרָ֗ת וַתִּצְלַ֣ח ר֩וּחַ֩ אֱלֹהִ֨ים <small>׀</small> רָעָ֤ה <small>׀</small> אֶל־שָׁאוּל֙ וַיִּתְנַבֵּ֣א בְתוֹךְ־הַבַּ֔יִת וְדָוִ֛ד מְנַגֵּ֥ן בְּיָד֖וֹ כְּי֣וֹם <small>׀</small> בְּי֑וֹם וְהַחֲנִ֖ית בְּיַד־שָׁאֽוּל׃
רש"י
רד''ק
10.
The next day an evil spirit of God gripped Saul and he began to rave in the house, while David was playing [the lyre], as he did daily. Saul had a spear in his hand,יח:יא
וַיָּ֤טֶל שָׁאוּל֙ אֶֽת־הַחֲנִ֔ית וַיֹּ֕אמֶר אַכֶּ֥ה בְדָוִ֖ד וּבַקִּ֑יר וַיִּסֹּ֥ב דָּוִ֛ד מִפָּנָ֖יו פַּעֲמָֽיִם׃
רש"י
רד''ק
11.
and Saul threw<sup class="footnote-marker">c</sup><i class="footnote">Change of vocalization yields “raised.”</i> the spear, thinking to pin David to the wall. But David eluded him twice.יח:יב
וַיִּרָ֥א שָׁא֖וּל מִלִּפְנֵ֣י דָוִ֑ד כִּֽי־הָיָ֤ה יְהֹוָה֙ עִמּ֔וֹ וּמֵעִ֥ם שָׁא֖וּל סָֽר׃
רש"י
רד''ק
12.
Saul was afraid of David, for the L<small>ORD</small> was with him and had turned away from Saul.יח:יג
וַיְסִרֵ֤הוּ שָׁאוּל֙ מֵֽעִמּ֔וֹ וַיְשִׂמֵ֥הוּ ל֖וֹ שַׂר־אָ֑לֶף וַיֵּצֵ֥א וַיָּבֹ֖א לִפְנֵ֥י הָעָֽם׃ <span class="mam-spi-samekh">{ס}</span>
רש"י
רד''ק
13.
So Saul removed him from his presence and appointed him chief of a thousand, <sup class="footnote-marker">d</sup><i class="footnote">Lit. “and he went out and came in before the troops.”</i>to march at the head of the troops.<sup class="endFootnote">-d</sup>יח:יד
וַיְהִ֥י דָוִ֛ד לְכׇל־<span class="mam-kq-trivial">דְּרָכָ֖ו </span>מַשְׂכִּ֑יל וַיהֹוָ֖ה עִמּֽוֹ׃
רש"י
רד''ק
14.
David was successful in all his undertakings, for the L<small>ORD</small> was with him;יח:טו
וַיַּ֣רְא שָׁא֔וּל אֲשֶׁר־ה֖וּא מַשְׂכִּ֣יל מְאֹ֑ד וַיָּ֖גׇר מִפָּנָֽיו׃
רש"י
רד''ק
15.
and when Saul saw that he was successful, he dreaded him.יח:טז
וְכׇל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וִֽיהוּדָ֔ה אֹהֵ֖ב אֶת־דָּוִ֑ד כִּי־ה֛וּא יוֹצֵ֥א וָבָ֖א לִפְנֵיהֶֽם׃ <span class="mam-spi-pe">{פ}</span><br>
רש"י
רד''ק
16.
All Israel and Judah loved David, for he marched at their head.יח:יז
וַיֹּ֨אמֶר שָׁא֜וּל אֶל־דָּוִ֗ד הִנֵּה֩ בִתִּ֨י הַגְּדוֹלָ֤ה מֵרַב֙ אֹתָהּ֙ אֶתֶּן־לְךָ֣ לְאִשָּׁ֔ה אַ֚ךְ הֱיֵה־לִ֣י לְבֶן־חַ֔יִל וְהִלָּחֵ֖ם מִלְחֲמ֣וֹת יְהֹוָ֑ה וְשָׁא֣וּל אָמַ֗ר אַל־תְּהִ֤י יָדִי֙ בּ֔וֹ וּתְהִי־ב֖וֹ יַד־פְּלִשְׁתִּֽים׃ <span class="mam-spi-samekh">{ס}</span>
רש"י
רד''ק
17.
Saul said to David, “Here is my older daughter, Merab; I will give her to you in marriage; in return, you be my warrior and fight the battles of the L<small>ORD</small>.” Saul thought: “Let not my hand strike him; let the hand of the Philistines strike him.”יח:יח
וַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֜ד אֶל־שָׁא֗וּל מִ֤י אָֽנֹכִי֙ וּמִ֣י חַיַּ֔י מִשְׁפַּ֥חַת אָבִ֖י בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כִּי־אֶהְיֶ֥ה חָתָ֖ן לַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃
רש"י
רד''ק
18.
David replied to Saul, “Who am I and <sup class="footnote-marker">e</sup><i class="footnote">Meaning of Heb. uncertain. Change of vocalization yields “who are my kin.”</i>what is my life<sup class="endFootnote">-e</sup>—my father’s family in Israel—that I should become Your Majesty’s son-in-law?”יח:יט
וַיְהִ֗י בְּעֵ֥ת תֵּ֛ת אֶת־מֵרַ֥ב בַּת־שָׁא֖וּל לְדָוִ֑ד וְהִ֧יא נִתְּנָ֛ה לְעַדְרִיאֵ֥ל הַמְּחֹלָתִ֖י לְאִשָּֽׁה׃
רש"י
רד''ק
19.
But at the time that Merab, daughter of Saul, should have been given to David, she was given in marriage to Adriel the Meholathite.יח:כ
וַתֶּאֱהַ֛ב מִיכַ֥ל בַּת־שָׁא֖וּל אֶת־דָּוִ֑ד וַיַּגִּ֣דוּ לְשָׁא֔וּל וַיִּשַׁ֥ר הַדָּבָ֖ר בְּעֵינָֽיו׃
רש"י
רד''ק
20.
Now Michal daughter of Saul had fallen in love with David; and when this was reported to Saul, he was pleased.יח:כא
וַיֹּ֨אמֶר שָׁא֜וּל אֶתְּנֶ֤נָּה לּוֹ֙ וּתְהִי־ל֣וֹ לְמוֹקֵ֔שׁ וּתְהִי־ב֖וֹ יַד־פְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וַיֹּ֤אמֶר שָׁאוּל֙ אֶל־דָּוִ֔ד בִּשְׁתַּ֛יִם תִּתְחַתֵּ֥ן בִּ֖י הַיּֽוֹם׃
רש"י
רד''ק
21.
Saul thought: “I will give her to him, and she can serve as a snare for him, so that the Philistines may kill him.” So Saul said to David, <sup class="footnote-marker">b</sup><i class="footnote">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i>“You can become my son-in-law even now through the second one.”<sup class="endFootnote">-b</sup>יח:כב
וַיְצַ֨ו שָׁא֜וּל אֶת־עֲבָדָ֗ו דַּבְּר֨וּ אֶל־דָּוִ֤ד בַּלָּט֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר הִנֵּ֨ה חָפֵ֤ץ בְּךָ֙ הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וְכׇל־עֲבָדָ֖יו אֲהֵב֑וּךָ וְעַתָּ֖ה הִתְחַתֵּ֥ן בַּמֶּֽלֶךְ׃
רש"י
רד''ק
22.
And Saul instructed his courtiers to say to David privately, “The king is fond of you and all his courtiers like you. So why not become the king’s son-in-law?”יח:כג
וַֽיְדַבְּר֞וּ עַבְדֵ֤י שָׁאוּל֙ בְּאׇזְנֵ֣י דָוִ֔ד אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֖ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה וַיֹּ֣אמֶר דָּוִ֗ד הַֽנְקַלָּ֤ה בְעֵֽינֵיכֶם֙ הִתְחַתֵּ֣ן בַּמֶּ֔לֶךְ וְאָנֹכִ֖י אִֽישׁ־רָ֥שׁ וְנִקְלֶֽה׃
רש"י
רד''ק
23.
When the king’s courtiers repeated these words to David, David replied, “Do you think that becoming the son-in-law of a king is a small matter, when I am but a poor man of no consequence?”יח:כד
וַיַּגִּ֜דוּ עַבְדֵ֥י שָׁא֛וּל ל֖וֹ לֵאמֹ֑ר כַּדְּבָרִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה דִּבֶּ֥ר דָּוִֽד׃
רש"י
רד''ק
24.
Saul’s courtiers reported to him, “This is what David answered.”יח:כה
וַיֹּ֨אמֶר שָׁא֜וּל כֹּה־תֹאמְר֣וּ לְדָוִ֗ד אֵֽין־חֵ֤פֶץ לַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ בְּמֹ֔הַר כִּ֗י בְּמֵאָה֙ עׇרְל֣וֹת פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים לְהִנָּקֵ֖ם בְּאֹיְבֵ֣י הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וְשָׁא֣וּל חָשַׁ֔ב לְהַפִּ֥יל אֶת־דָּוִ֖ד בְּיַד־פְּלִשְׁתִּֽים׃
רש"י
רד''ק
25.
And Saul said, “Say this to David: ‘The king desires no other bride-price than the foreskins of a hundred Philistines, as vengeance on the king’s enemies.’”—Saul intended to bring about David’s death at the hands of the Philistines.—יח:כו
וַיַּגִּ֨דוּ עֲבָדָ֤יו לְדָוִד֙ אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה וַיִּשַׁ֤ר הַדָּבָר֙ בְּעֵינֵ֣י דָוִ֔ד לְהִתְחַתֵּ֖ן בַּמֶּ֑לֶךְ וְלֹ֥א מָלְא֖וּ הַיָּמִֽים׃
רש"י
רד''ק
26.
When his courtiers told this to David, David was pleased with the idea of becoming the king’s son-in-law. <sup class="footnote-marker">b</sup><i class="footnote">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i>Before the time had expired,<sup class="endFootnote">-b</sup>יח:כז
וַיָּ֨קׇם דָּוִ֜ד וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ <b>׀</b> ה֣וּא וַאֲנָשָׁ֗יו וַיַּ֣ךְ בַּפְּלִשְׁתִּים֮ מָאתַ֣יִם אִישׁ֒ וַיָּבֵ֤א דָוִד֙ אֶת־עׇרְלֹ֣תֵיהֶ֔ם וַיְמַלְא֣וּם לַמֶּ֔לֶךְ לְהִתְחַתֵּ֖ן בַּמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיִּתֶּן־ל֥וֹ שָׁא֛וּל אֶת־מִיכַ֥ל בִּתּ֖וֹ לְאִשָּֽׁה׃ <span class="mam-spi-samekh">{ס}</span>
רש"י
רד''ק
27.
David went out with his men and killed two hundred<sup class="footnote-marker">f</sup><i class="footnote">Septuagint reads “one hundred” and cf. 2 Sam. 3.14.</i> Philistines; David brought their foreskins and <sup class="footnote-marker">b</sup><i class="footnote">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i>they were counted out<sup class="endFootnote">-b</sup> for the king, that he might become the king’s son-in-law. Saul then gave him his daughter Michal in marriage.יח:כח
וַיַּ֤רְא שָׁאוּל֙ וַיֵּ֔דַע כִּ֥י יְהֹוָ֖ה עִם־דָּוִ֑ד וּמִיכַ֥ל בַּת־שָׁא֖וּל אֲהֵבַֽתְהוּ׃
רש"י
רד''ק
28.
When Saul realized that the L<small>ORD</small> was with David <sup class="footnote-marker">g</sup><i class="footnote">Septuagint reads “and that all Israel loved him.”</i>and that Michal daughter of Saul loved him,<sup class="endFootnote">-g</sup>יח:כט
וַיֹּ֣אסֶף שָׁא֗וּל לֵרֹ֛א מִפְּנֵ֥י דָוִ֖ד ע֑וֹד וַיְהִ֥י שָׁא֛וּל אֹיֵ֥ב אֶת־דָּוִ֖ד כׇּל־הַיָּמִֽים׃ <span class="mam-spi-pe">{פ}</span><br>
רש"י
רד''ק
29.
Saul grew still more afraid of David; and Saul was David’s enemy ever after.יח:ל
וַיֵּצְא֖וּ שָׂרֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וַיְהִ֣י <b>׀</b> מִדֵּ֣י צֵאתָ֗ם שָׂכַ֤ל דָּוִד֙ מִכֹּל֙ עַבְדֵ֣י שָׁא֔וּל וַיִּיקַ֥ר שְׁמ֖וֹ מְאֹֽד׃ <span class="mam-spi-samekh">{ס}</span>
רש"י
רד''ק