Posuk
כא:א
וַיָּ֖קׇם וַיֵּלַ֑ךְ וִיהוֹנָתָ֖ן בָּ֥א הָעִֽיר׃
רש"י
רד''ק
1.
David then went his way, and Jonathan returned to the town.כא:ב
וַיָּבֹ֤א דָוִד֙ נֹ֔בֶה אֶל־אֲחִימֶ֖לֶךְ הַכֹּהֵ֑ן וַיֶּחֱרַ֨ד אֲחִימֶ֜לֶךְ לִקְרַ֣את דָּוִ֗ד וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לוֹ֙ מַדּ֤וּעַ אַתָּה֙ לְבַדֶּ֔ךָ וְאִ֖ישׁ אֵ֥ין אִתָּֽךְ׃
רש"י
רד''ק
2.
David went to the priest Ahimelech at Nob. Ahimelech came out in alarm to meet David, and he said to him, “Why are you alone, and no one with you?”כא:ג
וַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֜ד לַאֲחִימֶ֣לֶךְ הַכֹּהֵ֗ן הַמֶּ֘לֶךְ֮ צִוַּ֣נִי דָבָר֒ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלַ֗י אִ֣ישׁ אַל־יֵ֧דַע מְא֛וּמָה אֶת־הַדָּבָ֛ר אֲשֶׁר־אָנֹכִ֥י שֹׁלֵחֲךָ֖ וַאֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוִּיתִ֑ךָ וְאֶת־הַנְּעָרִ֣ים יוֹדַ֔עְתִּי אֶל־מְק֥וֹם פְּלֹנִ֖י אַלְמוֹנִֽי׃
רש"י
רד''ק
3.
David answered the priest Ahimelech, “The king has ordered me on a mission, and he said to me, ‘No one must know anything about the mission on which I am sending you and for which I have given you orders.’ So I have <sup class="footnote-marker">a</sup><i class="footnote">Meaning of Heb. uncertain. 4QSamb (cf. Septuagint) reads “made an appointment with [my] young men at…”</i>directed [my] young men to<sup class="endFootnote">-a</sup> such and such a place.כא:ד
וְעַתָּ֗ה מַה־יֵּ֧שׁ תַּחַת־יָדְךָ֛ חֲמִשָּׁה־לֶ֖חֶם תְּנָ֣ה בְיָדִ֑י א֖וֹ הַנִּמְצָֽא׃
רש"י
רד''ק
4.
Now then, what have you got on hand? Any<sup class="footnote-marker">b</sup><i class="footnote">Lit. “five.”</i> loaves of bread? Let me have them—or whatever is available.”כא:ה
וַיַּ֨עַן הַכֹּהֵ֤ן אֶת־דָּוִד֙ וַיֹּ֔אמֶר אֵֽין־לֶ֥חֶם חֹ֖ל אֶל־תַּ֣חַת יָדִ֑י כִּֽי־אִם־לֶ֤חֶם קֹ֙דֶשׁ֙ יֵ֔שׁ אִם־נִשְׁמְר֥וּ הַנְּעָרִ֖ים אַ֥ךְ מֵאִשָּֽׁה׃ <span class="mam-spi-pe">{פ}</span><br>
רש"י
רד''ק
5.
The priest answered David, “I have no ordinary bread on hand; there is only consecrated bread—provided the young men have kept away from women.”כא:ו
וַיַּ֩עַן֩ דָּוִ֨ד אֶת־הַכֹּהֵ֜ן וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ל֗וֹ כִּ֣י אִם־אִשָּׁ֤ה עֲצֻֽרָה־לָ֙נוּ֙ כִּתְמ֣וֹל שִׁלְשֹׁ֔ם בְּצֵאתִ֕י וַיִּהְי֥וּ כְלֵֽי־הַנְּעָרִ֖ים קֹ֑דֶשׁ וְהוּא֙ דֶּ֣רֶךְ חֹ֔ל וְאַ֕ף כִּ֥י הַיּ֖וֹם יִקְדַּ֥שׁ בַּכֶּֽלִי׃
רש"י
רד''ק
6.
In reply to the priest, David said, “I assure you that women have been kept from us, as always. Whenever I went on a mission, even if the journey was a common one, the vessels of the young men were consecrated; all the more then <sup class="footnote-marker">c</sup><i class="footnote">Meaning of Heb. uncertain in part.</i>may consecrated food be put into their vessels today.”<sup class="endFootnote">-c</sup>כא:ז
וַיִּתֶּן־ל֥וֹ הַכֹּהֵ֖ן קֹ֑דֶשׁ כִּי֩ לֹא־הָ֨יָה שָׁ֜ם לֶ֗חֶם כִּֽי־אִם־לֶ֤חֶם הַפָּנִים֙ הַמּֽוּסָרִים֙ מִלִּפְנֵ֣י יְהֹוָ֔ה לָשׂוּם֙ לֶ֣חֶם חֹ֔ם בְּי֖וֹם הִלָּקְחֽוֹ׃
רש"י
רד''ק
7.
So the priest gave him consecrated bread, because there was none there except the bread of display, which had been removed from the presence of the L<small>ORD</small>, to be replaced by warm bread as soon as it was taken away.—כא:ח
וְשָׁ֡ם אִישׁ֩ מֵעַבְדֵ֨י שָׁא֜וּל בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֗וּא נֶעְצָר֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהֹוָ֔ה וּשְׁמ֖וֹ דֹּאֵ֣ג הָאֲדֹמִ֑י אַבִּ֥יר הָרֹעִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר לְשָׁאֽוּל׃
רש"י
רד''ק
8.
Now one of Saul’s officials was there that day, <sup class="footnote-marker">d</sup><i class="footnote">I.e., excluded from the shrine, perhaps because of ritual impurity.</i>detained before the L<small>ORD</small>;<sup class="endFootnote">-d</sup> his name was Doeg the Edomite, Saul’s <sup class="footnote-marker">e</sup><i class="footnote">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i>chief herdsman.<sup class="endFootnote">-e</sup>כא:ט
וַיֹּ֤אמֶר דָּוִד֙ לַאֲחִימֶ֔לֶךְ וְאִ֛ין יֶשׁ־פֹּ֥ה תַֽחַת־יָדְךָ֖ חֲנִ֣ית אוֹ־חָ֑רֶב כִּ֣י גַם־חַרְבִּ֤י וְגַם־כֵּלַי֙ לֹא־לָקַ֣חְתִּי בְיָדִ֔י כִּֽי־הָיָ֥ה דְבַר־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ נָחֽוּץ׃ <span class="mam-spi-samekh">{ס}</span>
רש"י
רד''ק
9.
David said to Ahimelech, “Haven’t you got a spear or sword on hand? I didn’t take my sword or any of my weapons with me, because the king’s mission was urgent.”כא:י
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר הַכֹּהֵ֗ן חֶ֩רֶב֩ גׇּלְיָ֨ת הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֜י אֲשֶׁר־הִכִּ֣יתָ <b>׀</b> בְּעֵ֣מֶק הָאֵלָ֗ה הִנֵּה־הִ֞יא לוּטָ֣ה בַשִּׂמְלָה֮ אַחֲרֵ֣י הָאֵפוֹד֒ אִם־אֹתָ֤הּ תִּֽקַּח־לְךָ֙ קָ֔ח כִּ֣י אֵ֥ין אַחֶ֛רֶת זוּלָתָ֖הּ בָּזֶ֑ה <span class="mam-spi-samekh">{ס}</span> וַיֹּ֧אמֶר דָּוִ֛ד אֵ֥ין כָּמ֖וֹהָ תְּנֶ֥נָּה לִּֽי׃
רש"י
רד''ק
10.
The priest said, “There is the sword of Goliath the Philistine whom you slew in the valley of Elah; it is over there, wrapped in a cloth, behind the ephod. If you want to take that one, take it, for there is none here but that one.” David replied, “There is none like it; give it to me.”כא:יא
וַיָּ֣קׇם דָּוִ֔ד וַיִּבְרַ֥ח בַּיּוֹם־הַה֖וּא מִפְּנֵ֣י שָׁא֑וּל וַיָּבֹ֕א אֶל־אָכִ֖ישׁ מֶ֥לֶךְ גַּֽת׃
רש"י
רד''ק
11.
That day David continued on his flight from Saul and he came to King Achish of Gath.כא:יב
וַיֹּ֨אמְר֜וּ עַבְדֵ֤י אָכִישׁ֙ אֵלָ֔יו הֲלוֹא־זֶ֥ה דָוִ֖ד מֶ֣לֶךְ הָאָ֑רֶץ הֲל֣וֹא לָזֶ֗ה יַעֲנ֤וּ בַמְּחֹלוֹת֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר הִכָּ֤ה שָׁאוּל֙ <span class="mam-kq-trivial">בַּאֲלָפָ֔ו</span> וְדָוִ֖ד <span class="mam-kq-trivial">בְּרִבְבֹתָֽו</span>׃
רש"י
רד''ק
12.
The courtiers of Achish said to him, “Why, that’s David, king of the land! That’s the one of whom they sing as they dance:<br>Saul has slain his thousands;<br>David, his tens of thousands.”כא:יג
וַיָּ֧שֶׂם דָּוִ֛ד אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה בִּלְבָב֑וֹ וַיִּרָ֣א מְאֹ֔ד מִפְּנֵ֖י אָכִ֥ישׁ מֶלֶךְ־גַּֽת׃
רש"י
רד''ק
13.
These words worried David and he became very much afraid of King Achish of Gath.כא:יד
וַיְשַׁנּ֤וֹ אֶת־טַעְמוֹ֙ בְּעֵ֣ינֵיהֶ֔ם וַיִּתְהֹלֵ֖ל בְּיָדָ֑ם וַיְתָו֙ עַל־דַּלְת֣וֹת הַשַּׁ֔עַר וַיּ֥וֹרֶד רִיר֖וֹ אֶל־זְקָנֽוֹ׃ <span class="mam-spi-samekh">{ס}</span>
רש"י
רד''ק
14.
So he concealed his good sense from them; he feigned madness <sup class="footnote-marker">f</sup><i class="footnote">Lit. “in their hand”; meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i>for their benefit.<sup class="endFootnote">-f</sup> He scratched marks on the doors of the gate and let his saliva run down his beard.כא:טו
וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אָכִ֖ישׁ אֶל־עֲבָדָ֑יו הִנֵּ֤ה תִרְאוּ֙ אִ֣ישׁ מִשְׁתַּגֵּ֔עַ לָ֛מָּה תָּבִ֥יאוּ אֹת֖וֹ אֵלָֽי׃
רש"י
רד''ק
15.
And Achish said to his courtiers, “You see the man is raving; why bring him to me?כא:טז
חֲסַ֤ר מְשֻׁגָּעִים֙ אָ֔נִי כִּֽי־הֲבֵאתֶ֣ם אֶת־זֶ֔ה לְהִשְׁתַּגֵּ֖עַ עָלָ֑י הֲזֶ֖ה יָב֥וֹא אֶל־בֵּיתִֽי׃ <span class="mam-spi-pe">{פ}</span><br>
רש"י
רד''ק