Posuk
כח:א
ה֗וֹי עֲטֶ֤רֶת גֵּאוּת֙ שִׁכֹּרֵ֣י אֶפְרַ֔יִם וְצִ֥יץ נֹבֵ֖ל צְבִ֣י תִפְאַרְתּ֑וֹ אֲשֶׁ֛ר עַל־רֹ֥אשׁ גֵּֽיא־שְׁמָנִ֖ים הֲל֥וּמֵי יָֽיִן׃
רש"י
רד''ק
1.
Ah, the proud crowns of the drunkards of Ephraim,<br>Whose glorious beauty is but wilted flowers<br>On the heads of men bloated<sup class="footnote-marker">a</sup><i class="footnote">Ge is contracted from ge’e; cf. Ibn Ezra.</i> with rich food,<br>Who are overcome by wine!<br>כח:ב
הִנֵּ֨ה חָזָ֤ק וְאַמִּץ֙ לַֽאדֹנָ֔י כְּזֶ֥רֶם בָּרָ֖ד שַׂ֣עַר קָ֑טֶב כְּ֠זֶ֠רֶם מַ֣יִם כַּבִּירִ֥ים שֹׁטְפִ֛ים הִנִּ֥יחַ לָאָ֖רֶץ בְּיָֽד׃
רש"י
רד''ק
2.
Lo, my Lord has something strong and mighty,<br>Like a storm of hail,<br>A shower of pestilence.<br>Something like a storm of massive, torrential rain<sup class="footnote-marker">b</sup><i class="footnote">Lit. “water.”</i><br>Shall be hurled with force to the ground.כח:ג
בְּרַגְלַ֖יִם תֵּרָמַ֑סְנָה עֲטֶ֥רֶת גֵּא֖וּת שִׁכּוֹרֵ֥י אֶפְרָֽיִם׃
רש"י
רד''ק
3.
Trampled underfoot shall be<br>The proud crowns of the drunkards of Ephraim,כח:ד
וְֽהָ֨יְתָ֜ה צִיצַ֤ת נֹבֵל֙ צְבִ֣י תִפְאַרְתּ֔וֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר עַל־רֹ֖אשׁ גֵּ֣יא שְׁמָנִ֑ים כְּבִכּוּרָהּ֙ בְּטֶ֣רֶם קַ֔יִץ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִרְאֶ֤ה הָרֹאֶה֙ אוֹתָ֔הּ בְּעוֹדָ֥הּ בְּכַפּ֖וֹ יִבְלָעֶֽנָּה׃ <span class="mam-spi-samekh">{ס}</span>
רש"י
רד''ק
4.
The wilted flowers—<br>On the heads of men bloated<sup class="footnote-marker">a</sup><i class="footnote">Ge is contracted from ge’e; cf. Ibn Ezra.</i> with rich food—<br>That are his glorious beauty.<br>They shall be like an early fig<br>Before the fruit harvest;<br>Whoever sees it devours it<br>While it is still <sup class="footnote-marker">c</sup><i class="footnote">Emendation yields “on the bough.”</i>in his hand.<sup class="endFootnote">-c</sup><br>כח:ה
בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֗וּא יִֽהְיֶה֙ יְהֹוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת לַעֲטֶ֣רֶת צְבִ֔י וְלִצְפִירַ֖ת תִּפְאָרָ֑ה לִשְׁאָ֖ר עַמּֽוֹ׃
רש"י
רד''ק
5.
In that day, the L<small>ORD</small> of Hosts shall become a crown of beauty and a diadem of glory for the remnant of His people,כח:ו
וּלְר֖וּחַ מִשְׁפָּ֑ט לַיּוֹשֵׁב֙ עַל־הַמִּשְׁפָּ֔ט וְלִ֨גְבוּרָ֔ה מְשִׁיבֵ֥י מִלְחָמָ֖ה שָֽׁעְרָה׃ <span class="mam-spi-samekh">{ס}</span>
רש"י
רד''ק
6.
and a spirit of judgment for him who sits in judgment and of valor for those who repel attacks at the gate.<br>כח:ז
וְגַם־אֵ֙לֶּה֙ בַּיַּ֣יִן שָׁג֔וּ וּבַשֵּׁכָ֖ר תָּע֑וּ כֹּהֵ֣ן וְנָבִיא֩ שָׁג֨וּ בַשֵּׁכָ֜ר נִבְלְע֣וּ מִן־הַיַּ֗יִן תָּעוּ֙ מִן־הַשֵּׁכָ֔ר שָׁגוּ֙ בָּרֹאֶ֔ה פָּק֖וּ פְּלִילִיָּֽה׃
רש"י
רד''ק
7.
But these are also muddled by wine<br>And dazed by liquor:<br>Priest and prophet<br>Are muddled by liquor;<br>They are confused by wine,<br>They are dazed by liquor;<br>They are muddled in their visions,<br>They stumble in judgment.כח:ח
כִּ֚י כׇּל־שֻׁלְחָנ֔וֹת מָלְא֖וּ קִ֣יא צֹאָ֑ה בְּלִ֖י מָקֽוֹם׃ <span class="mam-spi-pe">{פ}</span><br>
רש"י
רד''ק
8.
Yea, all tables are covered<br>With vomit and filth,<br>So that no space is left.<br>כח:ט
אֶת־מִי֙ יוֹרֶ֣ה דֵעָ֔ה וְאֶת־מִ֖י יָבִ֣ין שְׁמוּעָ֑ה גְּמוּלֵי֙ מֵחָלָ֔ב עַתִּיקֵ֖י מִשָּׁדָֽיִם׃
רש"י
רד''ק
9.
<sup class="footnote-marker">d</sup><i class="footnote">This is the drunkards’ reaction to Isaiah’s reproof.</i>“To whom would he give instruction?<br>To whom expound a message?<br>To those newly weaned from milk,<br>Just taken away from the breast?כח:י
כִּ֣י צַ֤ו לָצָו֙ צַ֣ו לָצָ֔ו קַ֥ו לָקָ֖ו קַ֣ו לָקָ֑ו זְעֵ֥יר שָׁ֖ם זְעֵ֥יר שָֽׁם׃
רש"י
רד''ק
10.
That same mutter upon mutter,<br>Murmur upon murmur,<br>Now here, now there!”<br>כח:יא
כִּ֚י בְּלַעֲגֵ֣י שָׂפָ֔ה וּבְלָשׁ֖וֹן אַחֶ֑רֶת יְדַבֵּ֖ר אֶל־הָעָ֥ם הַזֶּֽה׃
רש"י
רד''ק
11.
Truly, as one who speaks to that people in a stammering jargon and an alien tongueכח:יב
אֲשֶׁ֣ר <b>׀</b> אָמַ֣ר אֲלֵיהֶ֗ם זֹ֤את הַמְּנוּחָה֙ הָנִ֣יחוּ לֶעָיֵ֔ף וְזֹ֖את הַמַּרְגֵּעָ֑ה וְלֹ֥א אָב֖וּא שְׁמֽוֹעַ׃
רש"י
רד''ק
12.
is he who declares to them, “This is the resting place, let the weary rest;<sup class="footnote-marker">e</sup><i class="footnote">I.e., do not embark on any political adventure at this time.</i> this is the place of re<br>pose.” They refuse to listen.כח:יג
וְהָיָ֨ה לָהֶ֜ם דְּבַר־יְהֹוָ֗ה צַ֣ו לָצָ֞ו צַ֤ו לָצָו֙ קַ֤ו לָקָו֙ קַ֣ו לָקָ֔ו זְעֵ֥יר שָׁ֖ם זְעֵ֣יר שָׁ֑ם לְמַ֨עַן יֵלְכ֜וּ וְכָשְׁל֤וּ אָחוֹר֙ וְנִשְׁבָּ֔רוּ וְנוֹקְשׁ֖וּ וְנִלְכָּֽדוּ׃ <span class="mam-spi-pe">{פ}</span><br>
רש"י
רד''ק
13.
To them the word of the L<small>ORD</small> is:<br><br>“Mutter upon mutter,<br>Murmur upon murmur,<br>Now here, now there.”<br>And so they will march,<sup class="footnote-marker">f</sup><i class="footnote">I.e., embark on the political adventure.</i><br>But they shall fall backward,<br>And be injured and snared and captured.<br>כח:יד
לָכֵ֛ן שִׁמְע֥וּ דְבַר־יְהֹוָ֖ה אַנְשֵׁ֣י לָצ֑וֹן מֹֽשְׁלֵי֙ הָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר בִּירוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם׃
רש"י
רד''ק
14.
Hear now the word of the L<small>ORD</small>,<br>You men of mockery,<br><sup class="footnote-marker">g</sup><i class="footnote">Or “composers of taunt-verses for that people.”</i>Who govern that people<sup class="endFootnote">-g</sup><br>In Jerusalem!כח:טו
כִּ֣י אֲמַרְתֶּ֗ם כָּרַ֤תְנֽוּ בְרִית֙ אֶת־מָ֔וֶת וְעִם־שְׁא֖וֹל עָשִׂ֣ינוּ חֹזֶ֑ה <span class="mam-kq"><span class="mam-kq-k">(שיט)</span> <span class="mam-kq-q">[שׁ֣וֹט]</span></span> שׁוֹטֵ֤ף כִּי־<span class="mam-kq"><span class="mam-kq-q">[יַֽעֲבֹר֙]</span> <span class="mam-kq-k">(עבר)</span></span> לֹ֣א יְבוֹאֵ֔נוּ כִּ֣י שַׂ֧מְנוּ כָזָ֛ב מַחְסֵ֖נוּ וּבַשֶּׁ֥קֶר נִסְתָּֽרְנוּ׃ <span class="mam-spi-pe">{פ}</span><br>
רש"י
רד''ק
15.
For you have said,<br>“We have made a covenant with Death,<br>Concluded a pact with Sheol.<br>When the sweeping flood passes through,<br>It shall not reach us;<br>For we have made falsehood our refuge,<br>Taken shelter in treachery.”כח:טז
לָכֵ֗ן כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יֱהֹוִ֔ה הִנְנִ֛י יִסַּ֥ד בְּצִיּ֖וֹן אָ֑בֶן אֶ֣בֶן בֹּ֜חַן פִּנַּ֤ת יִקְרַת֙ מוּסָ֣ד מוּסָּ֔ד הַֽמַּאֲמִ֖ין לֹ֥א יָחִֽישׁ׃
רש"י
רד''ק
16.
Assuredly,<br>Thus said the Lord G<small>OD</small>:<br>“Behold, I will found in Zion,<br>Stone by stone,<br><sup class="footnote-marker">h</sup><i class="footnote">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i>A tower of precious cornerstones,<sup class="endFootnote">-h</sup><br>Exceedingly firm;<br>He who trusts need not fear.כח:יז
וְשַׂמְתִּ֤י מִשְׁפָּט֙ לְקָ֔ו וּצְדָקָ֖ה לְמִשְׁקָ֑לֶת וְיָעָ֤ה בָרָד֙ מַחְסֵ֣ה כָזָ֔ב וְסֵ֥תֶר מַ֖יִם יִשְׁטֹֽפוּ׃ <span class="mam-spi-samekh">{ס}</span>
רש"י
רד''ק
17.
But I will apply judgment as a measuring line<br>And retribution<sup class="footnote-marker">i</sup><i class="footnote">As in 1.27; 5.16; 10.22.</i> as weights;<sup class="footnote-marker">j</sup><i class="footnote">I.e., I will make judgment and retribution My plan of action; cf. 34.11; 2 Kings 21.13.</i><br>Hail shall sweep away the refuge of falsehood,<br>And flood-waters engulf your shelter.כח:יח
וְכֻפַּ֤ר בְּרִֽיתְכֶם֙ אֶת־מָ֔וֶת וְחָזוּתְכֶ֥ם אֶת־שְׁא֖וֹל לֹ֣א תָק֑וּם שׁ֤וֹט שׁוֹטֵף֙ כִּ֣י יַֽעֲבֹ֔ר וִהְיִ֥יתֶם ל֖וֹ לְמִרְמָֽס׃
רש"י
רד''ק
18.
Your covenant with Death shall be annulled,<br>Your pact with Sheol shall not endure;<br>When the sweeping flood passes through,<br>You shall be its victims.כח:יט
מִדֵּ֤י עׇבְרוֹ֙ יִקַּ֣ח אֶתְכֶ֔ם כִּֽי־בַבֹּ֧קֶר בַּבֹּ֛קֶר יַעֲבֹ֖ר בַּיּ֣וֹם וּבַלָּ֑יְלָה וְהָיָ֥ה רַק־זְוָעָ֖ה הָבִ֥ין שְׁמוּעָֽה׃
רש"י
רד''ק
19.
It shall catch you<br>Every time it passes through;<br>It shall pass through every morning,<br>Every day and every night.<br>And it shall be sheer horror<br>To grasp the message.”<br>כח:כ
כִּֽי־קָצַ֥ר הַמַּצָּ֖ע מֵהִשְׂתָּרֵ֑עַ וְהַמַּסֵּכָ֥ה צָ֖רָה כְּהִתְכַּנֵּֽס׃
רש"י
רד''ק
20.
The couch is too short for stretching out,<br>And the cover too narrow for curling up!<br>כח:כא
כִּ֤י כְהַר־פְּרָצִים֙ יָק֣וּם יְהֹוָ֔ה כְּעֵ֖מֶק בְּגִבְע֣וֹן יִרְגָּ֑ז לַֽעֲשׂ֤וֹת מַעֲשֵׂ֙הוּ֙ זָ֣ר מַעֲשֵׂ֔הוּ וְלַֽעֲבֹד֙ עֲבֹ֣דָת֔וֹ נׇכְרִיָּ֖ה עֲבֹדָתֽוֹ׃
רש"י
רד''ק
21.
For the L<small>ORD</small> will arise<br>As on the hill of Perazim,<br>He will rouse Himself<br>As in the vale of Gibeon,<br>To do His work—<br>Strange is His work!<br>And to perform His task—<br>Astounding is His task!<sup class="footnote-marker">k</sup><i class="footnote">Instead of giving victory, as at Baal-perazim and Gibeon (cf. 2 Sam. 5.19–25; 1 Chron. 14.9–16), He will inflict punishment.</i>כח:כב
וְעַתָּה֙ אַל־תִּתְלוֹצָ֔צוּ פֶּֽן־יֶחְזְק֖וּ מֽוֹסְרֵיכֶ֑ם כִּֽי־כָלָ֨ה וְנֶחֱרָצָ֜ה שָׁמַ֗עְתִּי מֵאֵ֨ת אֲדֹנָ֧י יֱהֹוִ֛ה צְבָא֖וֹת עַל־כׇּל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ <span class="mam-spi-pe">{פ}</span><br>
רש"י
רד''ק
22.
Therefore, refrain from mockery,<br>Lest your bonds be tightened.<br>For I have heard a decree of destruction<br>From my Lord G<small>OD</small> of Hosts<br>Against all the land.<br>כח:כג
הַאֲזִ֥ינוּ וְשִׁמְע֖וּ קוֹלִ֑י הַקְשִׁ֥יבוּ וְשִׁמְע֖וּ אִמְרָתִֽי׃
רש"י
רד''ק
23.
Give diligent ear to my words,<br>Attend carefully to what I say.כח:כד
הֲכֹ֣ל הַיּ֔וֹם יַחֲרֹ֥שׁ הַחֹרֵ֖שׁ לִזְרֹ֑עַ יְפַתַּ֥ח וִֽישַׂדֵּ֖ד אַדְמָתֽוֹ׃
רש"י
רד''ק
24.
Does he who plows to sow<br>Plow all the time,<br>Breaking up and furrowing his land?כח:כה
הֲלוֹא֙ אִם־שִׁוָּ֣ה פָנֶ֔יהָ וְהֵפִ֥יץ קֶ֖צַח וְכַמֹּ֣ן יִזְרֹ֑ק וְשָׂ֨ם חִטָּ֤ה שׂוֹרָה֙ וּשְׂעֹרָ֣ה נִסְמָ֔ן וְכֻסֶּ֖מֶת גְּבֻלָתֽוֹ׃
רש"י
רד''ק
25.
When he has smoothed its surface,<br>Does he not rather broadcast black cumin<br>And scatter cumin,<br>Or set wheat in a row,<sup class="footnote-marker">l</sup><i class="footnote">In some Near Eastern countries, wheat is actually planted rather than scattered.</i><br>Barley in a strip,<br>And emmer in a patch?כח:כו
וְיִסְּר֥וֹ לַמִּשְׁפָּ֖ט אֱלֹהָ֥יו יוֹרֶֽנּוּ׃
רש"י
רד''ק
26.
For He teaches him the right manner,<br>His God instructs him.כח:כז
כִּ֣י לֹ֤א בֶחָרוּץ֙ י֣וּדַשׁ קֶ֔צַח וְאוֹפַ֣ן עֲגָלָ֔ה עַל־כַּמֹּ֖ן יוּסָּ֑ב כִּ֧י בַמַּטֶּ֛ה יֵחָ֥בֶט קֶ֖צַח וְכַמֹּ֥ן בַּשָּֽׁבֶט׃
רש"י
רד''ק
27.
So, too, black cumin is not threshed with a threshing board,<br>Nor is the wheel of a threshing sledge rolled over cumin;<br>But black cumin is beaten out with a stick<br>And cumin with a rod.כח:כח
לֶ֣חֶם יוּדָ֔ק כִּ֛י לֹ֥א לָנֶ֖צַח אָד֣וֹשׁ יְדוּשֶׁ֑נּוּ וְ֠הָמַ֠ם גִּלְגַּ֧ל עֶגְלָת֛וֹ וּפָרָשָׁ֖יו לֹ֥א יְדֻקֶּֽנּוּ׃
רש"י
רד''ק
28.
It is cereal that is crushed.<sup class="footnote-marker">m</sup><i class="footnote">Emendation yields “threshed.”</i><br>For <sup class="footnote-marker">n</sup><i class="footnote">Taking lo as equivalent to lu.</i>even if<sup class="endFootnote">-n</sup> he threshes it thoroughly,<br>And the wheel of his sledge <sup class="footnote-marker">h</sup><i class="footnote">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i>and his horses overwhelm it,<sup class="endFootnote">-h</sup><br>He does not crush it.כח:כט
גַּם־זֹ֕את מֵעִ֛ם יְהֹוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת יָצָ֑אָה הִפְלִ֣א עֵצָ֔ה הִגְדִּ֖יל תּוּשִׁיָּֽה׃ <span class="mam-spi-pe">{פ}</span><br>
רש"י
רד''ק