Posuk
כח:א
ה֗וֹי עֲטֶ֤רֶת גֵּאוּת֙ שִׁכֹּרֵ֣י אֶפְרַ֔יִם וְצִ֥יץ נֹבֵ֖ל צְבִ֣י תִפְאַרְתּ֑וֹ אֲשֶׁ֛ר עַל־רֹ֥אשׁ גֵּֽיא־שְׁמָנִ֖ים הֲל֥וּמֵי יָֽיִן׃
רש"י
רד''ק
1.
<span class="poetry indentAll">Ah, the proud crowns of the drunkards of Ephraim,</span><br><span class="poetry indentAll">Whose glorious beauty is but wilted flowers</span><br><span class="poetry indentAll">On the heads of those bloated</span><sup class="footnote-marker">a</sup><i class="footnote"><b>bloated </b><i>Ge</i> is contracted from <i>geʼe</i>; cf. Ibn Ezra.</i> with rich food,<br><span class="poetry indentAll">Who are overcome by wine!</span>כח:ב
הִנֵּ֨ה חָזָ֤ק וְאַמִּץ֙ לַֽאדֹנָ֔י כְּזֶ֥רֶם בָּרָ֖ד שַׂ֣עַר קָ֑טֶב כְּ֠זֶ֠רֶם מַ֣יִם כַּבִּירִ֥ים שֹׁטְפִ֛ים הִנִּ֥יחַ לָאָ֖רֶץ בְּיָֽד׃
רש"י
רד''ק
2.
<span class="poetry indentAll">Lo, my Sovereign has something strong and mighty,</span><br><span class="poetry indentAll">Like a storm of hail,</span><br><span class="poetry indentAll">A shower of pestilence.</span><br><span class="poetry indentAll">Something like a storm of massive, torrential rain</span><sup class="footnote-marker">b</sup><i class="footnote"><b>rain </b>Lit. “water.”</i> <br><span class="poetry indentAll">Shall be hurled with force to the ground.</span>כח:ג
בְּרַגְלַ֖יִם תֵּרָמַ֑סְנָה עֲטֶ֥רֶת גֵּא֖וּת שִׁכּוֹרֵ֥י אֶפְרָֽיִם׃
רש"י
רד''ק
3.
<span class="poetry indentAll">Trampled underfoot shall be</span><br><span class="poetry indentAll">The proud crowns of the drunkards of Ephraim,</span>כח:ד
וְֽהָ֨יְתָ֜ה צִיצַ֤ת נֹבֵל֙ צְבִ֣י תִפְאַרְתּ֔וֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר עַל־רֹ֖אשׁ גֵּ֣יא שְׁמָנִ֑ים כְּבִכּוּרָהּ֙ בְּטֶ֣רֶם קַ֔יִץ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִרְאֶ֤ה הָרֹאֶה֙ אוֹתָ֔הּ בְּעוֹדָ֥הּ בְּכַפּ֖וֹ יִבְלָעֶֽנָּה׃ <span class="mam-spi-samekh">{ס}</span>
רש"י
רד''ק
4.
<span class="poetry indentAll">The wilted flowers—</span><br><span class="poetry indentAll">On the heads of those bloated</span><sup class="footnote-marker">c</sup><i class="footnote"><b>bloated </b>See note at v. 1.</i> with rich food—<br><span class="poetry indentAll">That are his glorious beauty.</span><br><span class="poetry indentAll">They shall be like an early fig</span><br><span class="poetry indentAll">Before the fruit harvest;</span><br><span class="poetry indentAll">Whoever sees it devours it</span><br><span class="poetry indentAll">While it is still in his hand.</span><sup class="footnote-marker">d</sup><i class="footnote"><b>in his hand </b>Emendation yields “on the bough.”</i>כח:ה
בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֗וּא יִֽהְיֶה֙ יְהֹוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת לַעֲטֶ֣רֶת צְבִ֔י וְלִצְפִירַ֖ת תִּפְאָרָ֑ה לִשְׁאָ֖ר עַמּֽוֹ׃
רש"י
רד''ק
5.
In that day, G<small>OD</small> of Hosts shall become a crown of beauty and a diadem of glory for the remnant of this people,כח:ו
וּלְר֖וּחַ מִשְׁפָּ֑ט לַיּוֹשֵׁב֙ עַל־הַמִּשְׁפָּ֔ט וְלִ֨גְבוּרָ֔ה מְשִׁיבֵ֥י מִלְחָמָ֖ה שָֽׁעְרָה׃ <span class="mam-spi-samekh">{ס}</span>
רש"י
רד''ק
6.
and a spirit of judgment for the one who sits in judgment and of valor for those who repel attacks at the gate.כח:ז
וְגַם־אֵ֙לֶּה֙ בַּיַּ֣יִן שָׁג֔וּ וּבַשֵּׁכָ֖ר תָּע֑וּ כֹּהֵ֣ן וְנָבִיא֩ שָׁג֨וּ בַשֵּׁכָ֜ר נִבְלְע֣וּ מִן־הַיַּ֗יִן תָּעוּ֙ מִן־הַשֵּׁכָ֔ר שָׁגוּ֙ בָּרֹאֶ֔ה פָּק֖וּ פְּלִילִיָּֽה׃
רש"י
רד''ק
7.
<span class="poetry indentAll">But these are also muddled by wine</span><br><span class="poetry indentAll">And dazed by liquor:</span><br><span class="poetry indentAll">Priest and prophet</span><br><span class="poetry indentAll">Are muddled by liquor;</span><br><span class="poetry indentAll">They are confused by wine,</span><br><span class="poetry indentAll">They are dazed by liquor;</span><br><span class="poetry indentAll">They are muddled in their visions,</span><br><span class="poetry indentAll">They stumble in judgment.</span>כח:ח
כִּ֚י כׇּל־שֻׁלְחָנ֔וֹת מָלְא֖וּ קִ֣יא צֹאָ֑ה בְּלִ֖י מָקֽוֹם׃ <span class="mam-spi-pe">{פ}</span><br>
רש"י
רד''ק
8.
<span class="poetry indentAll">Yea, all tables are covered</span><br><span class="poetry indentAll">With vomit and filth,</span><br><span class="poetry indentAll">So that no space is left.</span>כח:ט
אֶת־מִי֙ יוֹרֶ֣ה דֵעָ֔ה וְאֶת־מִ֖י יָבִ֣ין שְׁמוּעָ֑ה גְּמוּלֵי֙ מֵחָלָ֔ב עַתִּיקֵ֖י מִשָּׁדָֽיִם׃
רש"י
רד''ק
9.
<span class="poetry indentAll"><sup class="footnote-marker">e</sup><i class="footnote">This is the drunkards’ reaction to Isaiah’s reproof.</i> </span>“To whom would he give instruction?<br><span class="poetry indentAll">To whom expound a message?</span><br><span class="poetry indentAll">To those newly weaned from milk,</span><br><span class="poetry indentAll">Just taken away from the breast?</span>כח:י
כִּ֣י צַ֤ו לָצָו֙ צַ֣ו לָצָ֔ו קַ֥ו לָקָ֖ו קַ֣ו לָקָ֑ו זְעֵ֥יר שָׁ֖ם זְעֵ֥יר שָֽׁם׃
רש"י
רד''ק
10.
<span class="poetry indentAll">That same mutter upon mutter,</span><br><span class="poetry indentAll">Murmur upon murmur,</span><br><span class="poetry indentAll">Now here, now there!”</span><br>כח:יא
כִּ֚י בְּלַעֲגֵ֣י שָׂפָ֔ה וּבְלָשׁ֖וֹן אַחֶ֑רֶת יְדַבֵּ֖ר אֶל־הָעָ֥ם הַזֶּֽה׃
רש"י
רד''ק
11.
Truly, as one who speaks to that people in a stammering jargon and an alien tongueכח:יב
אֲשֶׁ֣ר <b>׀</b> אָמַ֣ר אֲלֵיהֶ֗ם זֹ֤את הַמְּנוּחָה֙ הָנִ֣יחוּ לֶעָיֵ֔ף וְזֹ֖את הַמַּרְגֵּעָ֑ה וְלֹ֥א אָב֖וּא שְׁמֽוֹעַ׃
רש"י
רד''ק
12.
is he who declares to them, “This is the resting place, let the weary rest;<sup class="footnote-marker">f</sup><i class="footnote"><b>let the weary rest </b>I.e., do not embark on any political adventure at this time.</i> this is the place of repose.” They refuse to listen.כח:יג
וְהָיָ֨ה לָהֶ֜ם דְּבַר־יְהֹוָ֗ה צַ֣ו לָצָ֞ו צַ֤ו לָצָו֙ קַ֤ו לָקָו֙ קַ֣ו לָקָ֔ו זְעֵ֥יר שָׁ֖ם זְעֵ֣יר שָׁ֑ם לְמַ֨עַן יֵלְכ֜וּ וְכָשְׁל֤וּ אָחוֹר֙ וְנִשְׁבָּ֔רוּ וְנוֹקְשׁ֖וּ וְנִלְכָּֽדוּ׃ <span class="mam-spi-pe">{פ}</span><br>
רש"י
רד''ק
13.
To them the word of G<small>OD</small> is:<br><span class="poetry indentAll">“Mutter upon mutter,</span><br><span class="poetry indentAll">Murmur upon murmur,</span><br><span class="poetry indentAll">Now here, now there.”</span><br><span class="poetry indentAll">And so they will march,</span><sup class="footnote-marker">g</sup><i class="footnote"><b>march </b>I.e., embark on the political adventure.</i> <br><span class="poetry indentAll">But they shall fall backward,</span><br><span class="poetry indentAll">And be injured and snared and captured.</span>כח:יד
לָכֵ֛ן שִׁמְע֥וּ דְבַר־יְהֹוָ֖ה אַנְשֵׁ֣י לָצ֑וֹן מֹֽשְׁלֵי֙ הָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר בִּירוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם׃
רש"י
רד''ק
14.
<span class="poetry indentAll">Hear now the word of </span> G<small>OD</small>,<br><span class="poetry indentAll">You scoffers,</span><br><span class="poetry indentAll">Who govern that people</span><sup class="footnote-marker">h</sup><i class="footnote"><b>Who govern that people </b>Or “composers of taunt-verses for that people.”</i> <br><span class="poetry indentAll">In Jerusalem!</span>כח:טו
כִּ֣י אֲמַרְתֶּ֗ם כָּרַ֤תְנֽוּ בְרִית֙ אֶת־מָ֔וֶת וְעִם־שְׁא֖וֹל עָשִׂ֣ינוּ חֹזֶ֑ה <span class="mam-kq"><span class="mam-kq-k">(שיט)</span> <span class="mam-kq-q">[שׁ֣וֹט]</span></span> שׁוֹטֵ֤ף כִּי־<span class="mam-kq"><span class="mam-kq-q">[יַֽעֲבֹר֙]</span> <span class="mam-kq-k">(עבר)</span></span> לֹ֣א יְבוֹאֵ֔נוּ כִּ֣י שַׂ֧מְנוּ כָזָ֛ב מַחְסֵ֖נוּ וּבַשֶּׁ֥קֶר נִסְתָּֽרְנוּ׃ <span class="mam-spi-pe">{פ}</span><br>
רש"י
רד''ק
15.
<span class="poetry indentAll">For you have said,</span><br><span class="poetry indentAll">“We have made a covenant with Death,</span><br><span class="poetry indentAll">Concluded a pact with Sheol.</span><br><span class="poetry indentAll">When the sweeping flood passes through,</span><br><span class="poetry indentAll">It shall not reach us;</span><br><span class="poetry indentAll">For we have made falsehood our refuge,</span><br><span class="poetry indentAll">Taken shelter in treachery.”</span>כח:טז
לָכֵ֗ן כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יֱהֹוִ֔ה הִנְנִ֛י יִסַּ֥ד בְּצִיּ֖וֹן אָ֑בֶן אֶ֣בֶן בֹּ֜חַן פִּנַּ֤ת יִקְרַת֙ מוּסָ֣ד מוּסָּ֔ד הַֽמַּאֲמִ֖ין לֹ֥א יָחִֽישׁ׃
רש"י
רד''ק
16.
<span class="poetry indentAll">Assuredly,</span><br><span class="poetry indentAll">Thus said the Sovereign </span> G<small>OD</small>:<br><span class="poetry indentAll">“Behold, I will found in Zion,</span><br><span class="poetry indentAll">Stone by stone,</span><br><span class="poetry indentAll">A tower of precious cornerstones,</span><sup class="footnote-marker">i</sup><i class="footnote"><b>A tower of precious cornerstones </b>Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i> <br><span class="poetry indentAll">Exceedingly firm;</span><br><span class="poetry indentAll">One who trusts need not fear.</span>כח:יז
וְשַׂמְתִּ֤י מִשְׁפָּט֙ לְקָ֔ו וּצְדָקָ֖ה לְמִשְׁקָ֑לֶת וְיָעָ֤ה בָרָד֙ מַחְסֵ֣ה כָזָ֔ב וְסֵ֥תֶר מַ֖יִם יִשְׁטֹֽפוּ׃ <span class="mam-spi-samekh">{ס}</span>
רש"י
רד''ק
17.
<span class="poetry indentAll">But I will apply judgment as a measuring line</span><br><span class="poetry indentAll">And retribution</span><sup class="footnote-marker">j</sup><i class="footnote"><b>retribution </b>As in 1.27; 5.16; 10.22.</i> as weights;<sup class="footnote-marker">k</sup><i class="footnote"><b>I will apply … as weights </b>I.e., I will make judgment and retribution My plan of action; cf. 34.11; 2 Kings 21.13.</i> <br><span class="poetry indentAll">Hail shall sweep away the refuge of falsehood,</span><br><span class="poetry indentAll">And flood-waters engulf your shelter.</span>כח:יח
וְכֻפַּ֤ר בְּרִֽיתְכֶם֙ אֶת־מָ֔וֶת וְחָזוּתְכֶ֥ם אֶת־שְׁא֖וֹל לֹ֣א תָק֑וּם שׁ֤וֹט שׁוֹטֵף֙ כִּ֣י יַֽעֲבֹ֔ר וִהְיִ֥יתֶם ל֖וֹ לְמִרְמָֽס׃
רש"י
רד''ק
18.
<span class="poetry indentAll">Your covenant with Death shall be annulled,</span><br><span class="poetry indentAll">Your pact with Sheol shall not endure;</span><br><span class="poetry indentAll">When the sweeping flood passes through,</span><br><span class="poetry indentAll">You shall be its victims.</span>כח:יט
מִדֵּ֤י עׇבְרוֹ֙ יִקַּ֣ח אֶתְכֶ֔ם כִּֽי־בַבֹּ֧קֶר בַּבֹּ֛קֶר יַעֲבֹ֖ר בַּיּ֣וֹם וּבַלָּ֑יְלָה וְהָיָ֥ה רַק־זְוָעָ֖ה הָבִ֥ין שְׁמוּעָֽה׃
רש"י
רד''ק
19.
<span class="poetry indentAll">It shall catch you</span><br><span class="poetry indentAll">Every time it passes through;</span><br><span class="poetry indentAll">It shall pass through every morning,</span><br><span class="poetry indentAll">Every day and every night.</span><br><span class="poetry indentAll">And it shall be sheer horror</span><br><span class="poetry indentAll">To grasp the message.”</span>כח:כ
כִּֽי־קָצַ֥ר הַמַּצָּ֖ע מֵהִשְׂתָּרֵ֑עַ וְהַמַּסֵּכָ֥ה צָ֖רָה כְּהִתְכַּנֵּֽס׃
רש"י
רד''ק
20.
<span class="poetry indentAll">The couch is too short for stretching out,</span><br><span class="poetry indentAll">And the cover too narrow for curling up!</span>כח:כא
כִּ֤י כְהַר־פְּרָצִים֙ יָק֣וּם יְהֹוָ֔ה כְּעֵ֖מֶק בְּגִבְע֣וֹן יִרְגָּ֑ז לַֽעֲשׂ֤וֹת מַעֲשֵׂ֙הוּ֙ זָ֣ר מַעֲשֵׂ֔הוּ וְלַֽעֲבֹד֙ עֲבֹ֣דָת֔וֹ נׇכְרִיָּ֖ה עֲבֹדָתֽוֹ׃
רש"י
רד''ק
21.
<span class="poetry indentAll">For </span> G<small>OD</small> will arise<br><span class="poetry indentAll">As on the hill of Perazim;</span><br><span class="poetry indentAll">[God] will be roused</span><br><span class="poetry indentAll">As in the vale of Gibeon,</span><br><span class="poetry indentAll">To do godly work—</span><br><span class="poetry indentAll">Strange is this work!</span><br><span class="poetry indentAll">And to perform God’s task—</span><br><span class="poetry indentAll">Astounding is this task!</span><sup class="footnote-marker">l</sup><i class="footnote"><b>Strange is … God’s task </b>Instead of giving victory, as at Baal-perazim and Gibeon (cf. 2 Sam. 5.19–25; 1 Chron. 14.9–16), God will inflict punishment.</i>כח:כב
וְעַתָּה֙ אַל־תִּתְלוֹצָ֔צוּ פֶּֽן־יֶחְזְק֖וּ מֽוֹסְרֵיכֶ֑ם כִּֽי־כָלָ֨ה וְנֶחֱרָצָ֜ה שָׁמַ֗עְתִּי מֵאֵ֨ת אֲדֹנָ֧י יֱהֹוִ֛ה צְבָא֖וֹת עַל־כׇּל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ <span class="mam-spi-pe">{פ}</span><br>
רש"י
רד''ק
22.
<span class="poetry indentAll">Therefore, refrain from mockery,</span><br><span class="poetry indentAll">Lest your bonds be tightened.</span><br><span class="poetry indentAll">For I have heard a decree of destruction</span><br><span class="poetry indentAll">From my Sovereign </span> G<small>OD</small> of Hosts<br><span class="poetry indentAll">Against all the land.</span>כח:כג
הַאֲזִ֥ינוּ וְשִׁמְע֖וּ קוֹלִ֑י הַקְשִׁ֥יבוּ וְשִׁמְע֖וּ אִמְרָתִֽי׃
רש"י
רד''ק
23.
<span class="poetry indentAll">Give diligent ear to my words,</span><br><span class="poetry indentAll">Attend carefully to what I say.</span>כח:כד
הֲכֹ֣ל הַיּ֔וֹם יַחֲרֹ֥שׁ הַחֹרֵ֖שׁ לִזְרֹ֑עַ יְפַתַּ֥ח וִֽישַׂדֵּ֖ד אַדְמָתֽוֹ׃
רש"י
רד''ק
24.
<span class="poetry indentAll">Do those who plow to sow</span><br><span class="poetry indentAll">Plow all the time,</span><br><span class="poetry indentAll">Breaking up and furrowing their land?</span>כח:כה
הֲלוֹא֙ אִם־שִׁוָּ֣ה פָנֶ֔יהָ וְהֵפִ֥יץ קֶ֖צַח וְכַמֹּ֣ן יִזְרֹ֑ק וְשָׂ֨ם חִטָּ֤ה שׂוֹרָה֙ וּשְׂעֹרָ֣ה נִסְמָ֔ן וְכֻסֶּ֖מֶת גְּבֻלָתֽוֹ׃
רש"י
רד''ק
25.
<span class="poetry indentAll">When they have smoothed its surface,</span><br><span class="poetry indentAll">Do they not rather broadcast black cumin</span><br><span class="poetry indentAll">And scatter cumin,</span><br><span class="poetry indentAll">Or set wheat in a row,</span><sup class="footnote-marker">m</sup><i class="footnote"><b>set wheat in a row </b>In some Near Eastern countries, wheat is actually planted rather than scattered.</i> <br><span class="poetry indentAll">Barley in a strip,</span><br><span class="poetry indentAll">And emmer in a patch?</span>כח:כו
וְיִסְּר֥וֹ לַמִּשְׁפָּ֖ט אֱלֹהָ֥יו יוֹרֶֽנּוּ׃
רש"י
רד''ק
26.
<span class="poetry indentAll">For they are taught the right manner,</span><br><span class="poetry indentAll">Their God instructs them.</span>כח:כז
כִּ֣י לֹ֤א בֶחָרוּץ֙ י֣וּדַשׁ קֶ֔צַח וְאוֹפַ֣ן עֲגָלָ֔ה עַל־כַּמֹּ֖ן יוּסָּ֑ב כִּ֧י בַמַּטֶּ֛ה יֵחָ֥בֶט קֶ֖צַח וְכַמֹּ֥ן בַּשָּֽׁבֶט׃
רש"י
רד''ק
27.
<span class="poetry indentAll">So, too, black cumin is not threshed with a threshing board,</span><br><span class="poetry indentAll">Nor is the wheel of a threshing sledge rolled over cumin;</span><br><span class="poetry indentAll">But black cumin is beaten out with a stick</span><br><span class="poetry indentAll">And cumin with a rod.</span>כח:כח
לֶ֣חֶם יוּדָ֔ק כִּ֛י לֹ֥א לָנֶ֖צַח אָד֣וֹשׁ יְדוּשֶׁ֑נּוּ וְ֠הָמַ֠ם גִּלְגַּ֧ל עֶגְלָת֛וֹ וּפָרָשָׁ֖יו לֹ֥א יְדֻקֶּֽנּוּ׃
רש"י
רד''ק
28.
<span class="poetry indentAll">It is cereal that is crushed.</span><sup class="footnote-marker">n</sup><i class="footnote"><b>crushed </b>Emendation yields “threshed.”</i> <br><span class="poetry indentAll">For even if</span><sup class="footnote-marker">o</sup><i class="footnote"><b>even if </b>Taking <i>loʼ</i> as equivalent to <i>lu</i>.</i> it is threshed thoroughly,<br><span class="poetry indentAll">And overwhelmed by the wheel of a sledge and horses,</span><sup class="footnote-marker">p</sup><i class="footnote"><b>overwhelmed … horses </b>Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i> <br><span class="poetry indentAll">It will not be crushed.</span>כח:כט
גַּם־זֹ֕את מֵעִ֛ם יְהֹוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת יָצָ֑אָה הִפְלִ֣א עֵצָ֔ה הִגְדִּ֖יל תּוּשִׁיָּֽה׃ <span class="mam-spi-pe">{פ}</span><br>
רש"י
רד''ק