Posuk
ה:א
אָשִׁ֤ירָה נָּא֙ לִֽידִידִ֔י שִׁירַ֥ת דּוֹדִ֖י לְכַרְמ֑וֹ כֶּ֛רֶם הָיָ֥ה לִידִידִ֖י בְּקֶ֥רֶן בֶּן־שָֽׁמֶן׃
רש"י
רד''ק
1.
Let me sing for my beloved<br>A song of my lover about his vineyard.<br><br>My beloved had a vineyard<br><sup class="footnote-marker">a</sup><i class="footnote">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i>On a fruitful hill.<sup class="endFootnote">-a</sup>ה:ב
וַֽיְעַזְּקֵ֣הוּ וַֽיְסַקְּלֵ֗הוּ וַיִּטָּעֵ֙הוּ֙ שֹׂרֵ֔ק וַיִּ֤בֶן מִגְדָּל֙ בְּתוֹכ֔וֹ וְגַם־יֶ֖קֶב חָצֵ֣ב בּ֑וֹ וַיְקַ֛ו לַֽעֲשׂ֥וֹת עֲנָבִ֖ים וַיַּ֥עַשׂ בְּאֻשִֽׁים׃
רש"י
רד''ק
2.
He broke the ground, cleared it of stones,<br>And planted it with choice vines.<br>He built a watchtower inside it,<br>He even hewed a wine press in it;<br>For he hoped it would yield grapes.<br>Instead, it yielded wild grapes.ה:ג
וְעַתָּ֛ה יוֹשֵׁ֥ב יְרוּשָׁלַ֖͏ִם וְאִ֣ישׁ יְהוּדָ֑ה שִׁפְטוּ־נָ֕א בֵּינִ֖י וּבֵ֥ין כַּרְמִֽי׃
רש"י
רד''ק
3.
“Now, then,<br>Dwellers of Jerusalem<br>And men of Judah,<br>You be the judges<br>Between Me and My vineyard:ה:ד
מַה־לַּעֲשׂ֥וֹת עוֹד֙ לְכַרְמִ֔י וְלֹ֥א עָשִׂ֖יתִי בּ֑וֹ מַדּ֧וּעַ קִוֵּ֛יתִי לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת עֲנָבִ֖ים וַיַּ֥עַשׂ בְּאֻשִֽׁים׃
רש"י
רד''ק
4.
What more could have been done for My vineyard<br>That I failed to do in it?<br>Why, when I hoped it would yield grapes,<br>Did it yield wild grapes?<br>ה:ה
וְעַתָּה֙ אוֹדִיעָה־נָּ֣א אֶתְכֶ֔ם אֵ֛ת אֲשֶׁר־אֲנִ֥י עֹשֶׂ֖ה לְכַרְמִ֑י הָסֵ֤ר מְשׂוּכָּתוֹ֙ וְהָיָ֣ה לְבָעֵ֔ר פָּרֹ֥ץ גְּדֵר֖וֹ וְהָיָ֥ה לְמִרְמָֽס׃
רש"י
רד''ק
5.
“Now I am going to tell you<br>What I will do to My vineyard:<br>I will remove its hedge,<br>That it may be ravaged;<br>I will break down its wall,<br>That it may be trampled.ה:ו
וַאֲשִׁיתֵ֣הוּ בָתָ֗ה לֹ֤א יִזָּמֵר֙ וְלֹ֣א יֵעָדֵ֔ר וְעָלָ֥ה שָׁמִ֖יר וָשָׁ֑יִת וְעַ֤ל הֶֽעָבִים֙ אֲצַוֶּ֔ה מֵהַמְטִ֥יר עָלָ֖יו מָטָֽר׃
רש"י
רד''ק
6.
And I will <sup class="footnote-marker">a</sup><i class="footnote">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i>make it a desolation;<sup class="endFootnote">-a</sup><br>It shall not be pruned or hoed,<br>And it shall be overgrown with briers and thistles.<br>And I will command the clouds<br>To drop no rain on it.”<br>ה:ז
כִּ֣י כֶ֜רֶם יְהֹוָ֤ה צְבָאוֹת֙ בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְאִ֣ישׁ יְהוּדָ֔ה נְטַ֖ע שַׁעֲשׁוּעָ֑יו וַיְקַ֤ו לְמִשְׁפָּט֙ וְהִנֵּ֣ה מִשְׂפָּ֔ח לִצְדָקָ֖ה וְהִנֵּ֥ה צְעָקָֽה׃ <span class="mam-spi-pe">{פ}</span><br>
רש"י
רד''ק
7.
For the vineyard of the L<small>ORD</small> of Hosts<br>Is the House of Israel,<br>And the seedlings he lovingly tended<br>Are the men of Judah.<br><sup class="footnote-marker">b</sup><i class="footnote">This sentence contains two word-plays: “And He hoped for mishpat·, And there is mispaḥ [exact meaning uncertain]; / For ṣedaqah, But there is ṣe‘aqah [lit. ‘outcry’].”</i>And He hoped for justice,<br>But behold, injustice;<br>For equity,<br>But behold, iniquity!<br>ה:ח
ה֗וֹי מַגִּיעֵ֥י בַ֙יִת֙ בְּבַ֔יִת שָׂדֶ֥ה בְשָׂדֶ֖ה יַקְרִ֑יבוּ עַ֚ד אֶ֣פֶס מָק֔וֹם וְהוּשַׁבְתֶּ֥ם לְבַדְּכֶ֖ם בְּקֶ֥רֶב הָאָֽרֶץ׃
רש"י
רד''ק
8.
Ah,<br>Those who add house to house<br>And join field to field,<br>Till there is room for none but you<br>To dwell in the land!ה:ט
בְּאׇזְנָ֖י יְהֹוָ֣ה צְבָא֑וֹת אִם־לֹ֞א בָּתִּ֤ים רַבִּים֙ לְשַׁמָּ֣ה יִֽהְי֔וּ גְּדֹלִ֥ים וְטוֹבִ֖ים מֵאֵ֥ין יוֹשֵֽׁב׃
רש"י
רד''ק
9.
In my hearing [said] the L<small>ORD</small> of Hosts:<br>Surely, great houses<br>Shall lie forlorn,<br>Spacious and splendid ones<br>Without occupants.ה:י
כִּ֗י עֲשֶׂ֙רֶת֙ צִמְדֵּי־כֶ֔רֶם יַעֲשׂ֖וּ בַּ֣ת אֶחָ֑ת וְזֶ֥רַע חֹ֖מֶר יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה אֵיפָֽה׃ <span class="mam-spi-samekh">{ס}</span>
רש"י
רד''ק
10.
For ten acres of vineyard<br>Shall yield just one <i>bath</i>,<sup class="footnote-marker">c</sup><i class="footnote">I.e., of wine. The bath was the liquid equivalent of the ephah; and the ḥomer was ten baths or ephahs (Ezek. 45.11).</i><br>And a field sown with a <i>ḥomer</i> of seed<br>Shall yield a mere <i>ephah</i>.<br>ה:יא
ה֛וֹי מַשְׁכִּימֵ֥י בַבֹּ֖קֶר שֵׁכָ֣ר יִרְדֹּ֑פוּ מְאַחֲרֵ֣י בַנֶּ֔שֶׁף יַ֖יִן יַדְלִיקֵֽם׃
רש"י
רד''ק
11.
Ah,<br>Those who chase liquor<br>From early in the morning,<br>And till late in the evening<br>Are inflamed by wine!ה:יב
וְהָיָ֨ה כִנּ֜וֹר וָנֶ֗בֶל תֹּ֧ף וְחָלִ֛יל וָיַ֖יִן מִשְׁתֵּיהֶ֑ם וְאֵ֨ת פֹּ֤עַל יְהֹוָה֙ לֹ֣א יַבִּ֔יטוּ וּמַעֲשֵׂ֥ה יָדָ֖יו לֹ֥א רָאֽוּ׃
רש"י
רד''ק
12.
<sup class="footnote-marker">d</sup><i class="footnote">Emendation yields “whose interests are” (mish‘ehem, from sha‘ah “to turn to,” 17.7, 8; 31.1).</i>Who, at their banquets,<br>Have<sup class="endFootnote">-d</sup> lyre and lute,<br>Timbrel, flute, and wine;<br>But who never give a thought<br>To the plan of the L<small>ORD</small>,<br>And take no note<br>Of what He is designing.ה:יג
לָכֵ֛ן גָּלָ֥ה עַמִּ֖י מִבְּלִי־דָ֑עַת וּכְבוֹדוֹ֙ מְתֵ֣י רָעָ֔ב וַהֲמוֹנ֖וֹ צִחֵ֥ה צָמָֽא׃
רש"י
רד''ק
13.
Assuredly,<br>My people will suffer exile<br>For not giving heed,<br>Its multitude victims of hunger<br>And its masses parched with thirst.ה:יד
לָכֵ֗ן הִרְחִ֤יבָה שְּׁאוֹל֙ נַפְשָׁ֔הּ וּפָעֲרָ֥ה פִ֖יהָ לִבְלִי־חֹ֑ק וְיָרַ֨ד הֲדָרָ֧הּ וַהֲמוֹנָ֛הּ וּשְׁאוֹנָ֖הּ וְעָלֵ֥ז בָּֽהּ׃
רש"י
רד''ק
14.
Assuredly,<br>Sheol has opened wide its gullet<br>And parted its jaws in a measureless gape;<br>And down into it shall go,<br>That splendor and tumult,<br>That din and revelry.ה:טו
וַיִּשַּׁ֥ח אָדָ֖ם וַיִּשְׁפַּל־אִ֑ישׁ וְעֵינֵ֥י גְבֹהִ֖ים תִּשְׁפַּֽלְנָה׃
רש"י
רד''ק
15.
Yea, man is bowed,<br>And mortal brought low;<br>Brought low is the pride of the haughty.ה:טז
וַיִּגְבַּ֛הּ יְהֹוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת בַּמִּשְׁפָּ֑ט וְהָאֵל֙ הַקָּד֔וֹשׁ נִקְדָּ֖שׁ בִּצְדָקָֽה׃
רש"י
רד''ק
16.
And the L<small>ORD</small> of Hosts is exalted by judgment,<br>The Holy God proved holy by retribution.ה:יז
וְרָע֥וּ כְבָשִׂ֖ים כְּדׇבְרָ֑ם וְחׇרְב֥וֹת מֵחִ֖ים גָּרִ֥ים יֹאכֵֽלוּ׃ <span class="mam-spi-samekh">{ס}</span>
רש"י
רד''ק
17.
<sup class="footnote-marker">e</sup><i class="footnote">Meaning of verse uncertain. Emendation yields “The lambs shall graze / In the pasture of the fat [rams], / And the kids shall feed / On the ranges of the stout [bucks].” The lambs and the kids are the poor and the rams and bucks are the rich oppressors (cf. Ezek. 34.17–22).</i>Then lambs shall graze<br>As in their meadows,<br>And strangers shall feed<br>On the ruins of the stout.<br>ה:יח
ה֛וֹי מֹשְׁכֵ֥י הֶעָוֺ֖ן בְּחַבְלֵ֣י הַשָּׁ֑וְא וְכַעֲב֥וֹת הָעֲגָלָ֖ה חַטָּאָֽה׃
רש"י
רד''ק
18.
Ah,<br>Those who haul sin with cords of falsehood<br>And iniquity as with cart ropes!ה:יט
הָאֹמְרִ֗ים יְמַהֵ֧ר <small>׀</small> יָחִ֛ישָׁה מַעֲשֵׂ֖הוּ לְמַ֣עַן נִרְאֶ֑ה וְתִקְרַ֣ב וְתָב֗וֹאָה עֲצַ֛ת קְד֥וֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וְנֵדָֽעָה׃ <span class="mam-spi-pe">{פ}</span><br>
רש"י
רד''ק
19.
Who say,<sup class="footnote-marker">f</sup><i class="footnote">By way of retort to v. 12.</i><br>“Let Him speed, let Him hasten His purpose,<br>If we are to give thought;<br>Let the plans of the Holy One of Israel<br>Be quickly fulfilled,<br>If we are to give heed.”<br>ה:כ
ה֣וֹי הָאֹמְרִ֥ים לָרַ֛ע ט֖וֹב וְלַטּ֣וֹב רָ֑ע שָׂמִ֨ים חֹ֤שֶׁךְ לְאוֹר֙ וְא֣וֹר לְחֹ֔שֶׁךְ שָׂמִ֥ים מַ֛ר לְמָת֖וֹק וּמָת֥וֹק לְמָֽר׃ <span class="mam-spi-samekh">{ס}</span>
רש"י
רד''ק
20.
Ah,<br>Those who call evil good<br>And good evil;<br>Who present darkness as light<br>And light as darkness;<br>Who present bitter as sweet<br>And sweet as bitter!ה:כא
ה֖וֹי חֲכָמִ֣ים בְּעֵינֵיהֶ֑ם וְנֶ֥גֶד פְּנֵיהֶ֖ם נְבֹנִֽים׃ <span class="mam-spi-samekh">{ס}</span>
רש"י
רד''ק
21.
Ah,<br>Those who are so wise—<br>In their own opinion;<br>So clever—<br>In their own judgment!<br>ה:כב
ה֕וֹי גִּבּוֹרִ֖ים לִשְׁתּ֣וֹת יָ֑יִן וְאַנְשֵׁי־חַ֖יִל לִמְסֹ֥ךְ שֵׁכָֽר׃
רש"י
רד''ק
22.
Ah,<br>Those who are so doughty—<br>As drinkers of wine,<br>And so valiant—<br>As mixers of drink!ה:כג
מַצְדִּיקֵ֥י רָשָׁ֖ע עֵ֣קֶב שֹׁ֑חַד וְצִדְקַ֥ת צַדִּיקִ֖ים יָסִ֥ירוּ מִמֶּֽנּוּ׃ <span class="mam-spi-pe">{פ}</span><br>
רש"י
רד''ק
23.
Who vindicate him who is in the wrong<br>In return for a bribe,<br>And withhold vindication<br>From him who is in the right.ה:כד
לָכֵן֩ כֶּֽאֱכֹ֨ל קַ֜שׁ לְשׁ֣וֹן אֵ֗שׁ וַחֲשַׁ֤שׁ לֶהָבָה֙ יִרְפֶּ֔ה שׇׁרְשָׁם֙ כַּמָּ֣ק יִֽהְיֶ֔ה וּפִרְחָ֖ם כָּאָבָ֣ק יַעֲלֶ֑ה כִּ֣י מָאֲס֗וּ אֵ֚ת תּוֹרַת֙ יְהֹוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת וְאֵ֛ת אִמְרַ֥ת קְדֽוֹשׁ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל נִאֵֽצוּ׃
רש"י
רד''ק
24.
Assuredly,<br>As straw is consumed by a tongue of fire<br>And hay <sup class="footnote-marker">g</sup><i class="footnote">Emendation yields “is burned by flame”; cf. 33.11–12; 47.14.</i>shrivels as it burns,<sup class="endFootnote">-g</sup><br>Their stock shall become like rot,<br>And their buds shall blow away like dust.<br>For they have rejected the instruction of the L<small>ORD</small> of Hosts,<br>Spurned the word of the Holy One of Israel.<br>ה:כה
עַל־כֵּ֡ן חָרָה֩ אַף־יְהֹוָ֨ה בְּעַמּ֜וֹ וַיֵּ֣ט יָד֧וֹ עָלָ֣יו וַיַּכֵּ֗הוּ וַֽיִּרְגְּזוּ֙ הֶהָרִ֔ים וַתְּהִ֧י נִבְלָתָ֛ם כַּסּוּחָ֖ה בְּקֶ֣רֶב חוּצ֑וֹת בְּכׇל־זֹאת֙ לֹא־שָׁ֣ב אַפּ֔וֹ וְע֖וֹד יָד֥וֹ נְטוּיָֽה׃
רש"י
רד''ק
25.
That is why<br>The L<small>ORD</small>’s anger was roused<br>Against His people,<br>Why He stretched out His arm against it<br>And struck it,<br>So that the mountains quaked,<sup class="footnote-marker">h</sup><i class="footnote">An allusion to the destructive earthquake in the reign of King Uzziah: Amos 1.1; Zech. 14.5; cf. Isa. 9.18a.</i><br>And its corpses lay<br>Like refuse in the streets.<br>Yet His anger has not turned back,<br>And His arm is outstretched still.ה:כו
וְנָֽשָׂא־נֵ֤ס לַגּוֹיִם֙ מֵרָח֔וֹק וְשָׁ֥רַק ל֖וֹ מִקְצֵ֣ה הָאָ֑רֶץ וְהִנֵּ֥ה מְהֵרָ֖ה קַ֥ל יָבֽוֹא׃
רש"י
רד''ק
26.
He will raise an ensign to a nation<sup class="footnote-marker">i</sup><i class="footnote">Heb. “nations.”</i> afar,<br>Whistle to one at the end of the earth.<br>There it comes with lightning speed!ה:כז
אֵין־עָיֵ֤ף וְאֵין־כּוֹשֵׁל֙ בּ֔וֹ לֹ֥א יָנ֖וּם וְלֹ֣א יִישָׁ֑ן וְלֹ֤א נִפְתַּח֙ אֵז֣וֹר חֲלָצָ֔יו וְלֹ֥א נִתַּ֖ק שְׂר֥וֹךְ נְעָלָֽיו׃
רש"י
רד''ק
27.
In its ranks, none is weary or stumbles,<br>They never sleep or slumber;<br>The belts on their waists do not come loose,<br>Nor do the thongs of their sandals break.ה:כח
אֲשֶׁ֤ר חִצָּיו֙ שְׁנוּנִ֔ים וְכׇל־קַשְּׁתֹתָ֖יו דְּרֻכ֑וֹת פַּרְס֤וֹת סוּסָיו֙ כַּצַּ֣ר נֶחְשָׁ֔בוּ וְגַלְגִּלָּ֖יו כַּסּוּפָֽה׃
רש"י
רד''ק
28.
Their arrows are sharpened,<br>And all their bows are drawn.<br>Their horses’ hoofs are like flint,<br>Their chariot wheels like the whirlwind.ה:כט
שְׁאָגָ֥ה ל֖וֹ כַּלָּבִ֑יא <span class="mam-kq"><span class="mam-kq-k">(ושאג)</span> <span class="mam-kq-q">[יִשְׁאַ֨ג]</span></span> כַּכְּפִירִ֤ים וְיִנְהֹם֙ וְיֹאחֵ֣ז טֶ֔רֶף וְיַפְלִ֖יט וְאֵ֥ין מַצִּֽיל׃
רש"י
רד''ק
29.
Their roaring is like a lion’s,<br>They roar like the great beasts;<br>When they growl and seize a prey,<br>They carry it off and none can recover it.<br>ה:ל
וְיִנְהֹ֥ם עָלָ֛יו בַּיּ֥וֹם הַה֖וּא כְּנַהֲמַת־יָ֑ם וְנִבַּ֤ט לָאָ֙רֶץ֙ וְהִנֵּה־חֹ֔שֶׁךְ צַ֣ר וָא֔וֹר חָשַׁ֖ךְ בַּעֲרִיפֶֽיהָ׃ <span class="mam-spi-pe">{פ}</span><br>
רש"י
רד''ק