Posuk
ה:א
אַל־תְּבַהֵ֨ל עַל־פִּ֜יךָ וְלִבְּךָ֧ אַל־יְמַהֵ֛ר לְהוֹצִ֥יא דָבָ֖ר לִפְנֵ֣י הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים כִּ֣י הָאֱלֹהִ֤ים בַּשָּׁמַ֙יִם֙ וְאַתָּ֣ה עַל־הָאָ֔רֶץ עַל־כֵּ֛ן יִהְי֥וּ דְבָרֶ֖יךָ מְעַטִּֽים׃
רש"י
רד''ק
1.
Keep your mouth from being rash, and let not your throat<sup class="footnote-marker">a</sup><i class="footnote">Heb. leb, lit. “heart,” sometimes designates the organ of speech; cf. Isa. 33.18; 59.13; Ps. 19.15; 49.4; Job. 8.10.</i> be quick to bring forth speech before God. For God is in heaven and you are on earth; that is why your words should be few.ה:ב
כִּ֛י בָּ֥א הַחֲל֖וֹם בְּרֹ֣ב עִנְיָ֑ן וְק֥וֹל כְּסִ֖יל בְּרֹ֥ב דְּבָרִֽים׃
רש"י
רד''ק
2.
Just as dreams come with much brooding, so does foolish utterance come with much speech.ה:ג
כַּאֲשֶׁר֩ תִּדֹּ֨ר נֶ֜דֶר לֵֽאלֹהִ֗ים אַל־תְּאַחֵר֙ לְשַׁלְּמ֔וֹ כִּ֛י אֵ֥ין חֵ֖פֶץ בַּכְּסִילִ֑ים אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־תִּדֹּ֖ר שַׁלֵּֽם׃
רש"י
רד''ק
3.
When you make a vow to God, do not delay to fulfill it. For He has no pleasure in fools; what you vow, fulfill.ה:ד
ט֖וֹב אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹֽא־תִדֹּ֑ר מִשֶּׁתִּדּ֖וֹר וְלֹ֥א תְשַׁלֵּֽם׃
רש"י
רד''ק
4.
It is better not to vow at all than to vow and not fulfill.ה:ה
אַל־תִּתֵּ֤ן אֶת־פִּ֙יךָ֙ לַחֲטִ֣יא אֶת־בְּשָׂרֶ֔ךָ וְאַל־תֹּאמַר֙ לִפְנֵ֣י הַמַּלְאָ֔ךְ כִּ֥י שְׁגָגָ֖ה הִ֑יא לָ֣מָּה יִקְצֹ֤ף הָֽאֱלֹהִים֙ עַל־קוֹלֶ֔ךָ וְחִבֵּ֖ל אֶת־מַעֲשֵׂ֥ה יָדֶֽיךָ׃
רש"י
רד''ק
5.
Don’t let your mouth bring you into disfavor, and don’t plead before the messenger<sup class="footnote-marker">b</sup><i class="footnote">Some ancient versions read “God.”</i> that it was an error, <sup class="footnote-marker">c</sup><i class="footnote">Moved up from v. 6 for clarity.</i>but fear God;<sup class="endFootnote">-c</sup> else God may be angered by your talk and destroy your possessions.ה:ו
כִּ֣י בְרֹ֤ב חֲלֹמוֹת֙ וַהֲבָלִ֔ים וּדְבָרִ֖ים הַרְבֵּ֑ה כִּ֥י אֶת־הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים יְרָֽא׃
רש"י
רד''ק
6.
<sup class="footnote-marker">d</sup><i class="footnote">Meaning of verse uncertain. Emendation yields “Much brooding results in dreams; and much talk in futilities”; cf. v. 2.</i>For much dreaming leads to futility and to superfluous talk.<br>ה:ז
אִם־עֹ֣שֶׁק רָ֠שׁ וְגֵ֨זֶל מִשְׁפָּ֤ט וָצֶ֙דֶק֙ תִּרְאֶ֣ה בַמְּדִינָ֔ה אַל־תִּתְמַ֖הּ עַל־הַחֵ֑פֶץ כִּ֣י גָבֹ֜הַּ מֵעַ֤ל גָּבֹ֙הַּ֙ שֹׁמֵ֔ר וּגְבֹהִ֖ים עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃
רש"י
רד''ק
7.
If you see in a province oppression of the poor and suppression of right and justice, don’t wonder at the fact; for one high official is protected by a higher one, and both of them by still higher ones.ה:ח
וְיִתְר֥וֹן אֶ֖רֶץ בַּכֹּ֣ל <span class="mam-kq"><span class="mam-kq-k">(היא)</span> <span class="mam-kq-q">[ה֑וּא]</span></span> מֶ֥לֶךְ לְשָׂדֶ֖ה נֶעֱבָֽד׃
רש"י
רד''ק
8.
Thus the greatest advantage in all the land is his: he controls a field that is cultivated.<sup class="footnote-marker">e</sup><i class="footnote">I.e., the high official profits from the labor of others; but meaning of verse uncertain.</i><br>ה:ט
אֹהֵ֥ב כֶּ֙סֶף֙ לֹא־יִשְׂבַּ֣ע כֶּ֔סֶף וּמִֽי־אֹהֵ֥ב בֶּהָמ֖וֹן לֹ֣א תְבוּאָ֑ה גַּם־זֶ֖ה הָֽבֶל׃
רש"י
רד''ק
9.
A lover of money never has his fill of money, nor a lover of wealth his fill of income. That too is futile.ה:י
בִּרְבוֹת֙ הַטּוֹבָ֔ה רַבּ֖וּ אוֹכְלֶ֑יהָ וּמַה־כִּשְׁרוֹן֙ לִבְעָלֶ֔יהָ כִּ֖י אִם־<span class="mam-kq"><span class="mam-kq-q">[רְא֥וּת]</span> <span class="mam-kq-k">(ראית)</span></span> עֵינָֽיו׃
רש"י
רד''ק
10.
As his substance increases, so do those who consume it; what, then, does the success of its owner amount to but feasting his eyes?ה:יא
מְתוּקָה֙ שְׁנַ֣ת הָעֹבֵ֔ד אִם־מְעַ֥ט וְאִם־הַרְבֵּ֖ה יֹאכֵ֑ל וְהַשָּׂבָע֙ לֶֽעָשִׁ֔יר אֵינֶ֛נּוּ מַנִּ֥יחַֽ ל֖וֹ לִישֽׁוֹן׃
רש"י
רד''ק
11.
A worker’s<sup class="footnote-marker">f</sup><i class="footnote">Some ancient versions have “slave’s.”</i> sleep is sweet, whether he has much or little to eat; but the rich man’s abundance doesn’t let him sleep.ה:יב
יֵ֚שׁ רָעָ֣ה חוֹלָ֔ה רָאִ֖יתִי תַּ֣חַת הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ עֹ֛שֶׁר שָׁמ֥וּר לִבְעָלָ֖יו לְרָעָתֽוֹ׃
רש"י
רד''ק
12.
Here is a grave evil I have observed under the sun: riches hoarded by their owner to his misfortune,ה:יג
וְאָבַ֛ד הָעֹ֥שֶׁר הַה֖וּא בְּעִנְיַ֣ן רָ֑ע וְהוֹלִ֣יד בֵּ֔ן וְאֵ֥ין בְּיָד֖וֹ מְאֽוּמָה׃
רש"י
רד''ק
13.
in that those riches are lost in some unlucky venture; and if he begets a son, he has nothing in hand.ה:יד
כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר יָצָא֙ מִבֶּ֣טֶן אִמּ֔וֹ עָר֛וֹם יָשׁ֥וּב לָלֶ֖כֶת כְּשֶׁבָּ֑א וּמְא֙וּמָה֙ לֹא־יִשָּׂ֣א בַעֲמָל֔וֹ שֶׁיֹּלֵ֖ךְ בְּיָדֽוֹ׃
רש"י
רד''ק
14.
<sup class="footnote-marker">g</sup><i class="footnote">Moved up from v. 15 for clarity.</i>Another grave evil is this: He must depart just as he came.<sup class="endFootnote">-g</sup> As he came out of his mother’s womb, so must he depart at last, naked as he came. He can take nothing of his wealth to carry with him.ה:טו
וְגַם־זֹה֙ רָעָ֣ה חוֹלָ֔ה כׇּל־עֻמַּ֥ת שֶׁבָּ֖א כֵּ֣ן יֵלֵ֑ךְ וּמַה־יִּתְר֣וֹן ל֔וֹ שֶֽׁיַּעֲמֹ֖ל לָרֽוּחַ׃
רש"י
רד''ק
15.
So what is the good of his toiling for the wind?ה:טז
גַּ֥ם כׇּל־יָמָ֖יו בַּחֹ֣שֶׁךְ יֹאכֵ֑ל וְכָעַ֥ס הַרְבֵּ֖ה וְחׇלְי֥וֹ וָקָֽצֶף׃
רש"י
רד''ק
16.
Besides, all his days <sup class="footnote-marker">h</sup><i class="footnote">Septuagint reads “are [spent] in darkness and mourning.”</i>he eats in darkness,<sup class="endFootnote">-h</sup> with much vexation and grief and anger.ה:יז
הִנֵּ֞ה אֲשֶׁר־רָאִ֣יתִי אָ֗נִי ט֣וֹב אֲשֶׁר־יָפֶ֣ה לֶֽאֱכוֹל־וְ֠לִשְׁתּ֠וֹת וְלִרְא֨וֹת טוֹבָ֜ה בְּכׇל־עֲמָל֣וֹ <b>׀</b> שֶׁיַּעֲמֹ֣ל תַּֽחַת־הַשֶּׁ֗מֶשׁ מִסְפַּ֧ר יְמֵי־<span class="mam-kq-trivial">חַיָּ֛ו</span> אֲשֶׁר־נָֽתַן־ל֥וֹ הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים כִּי־ה֥וּא חֶלְקֽוֹ׃
רש"י
רד''ק
17.
Only this, I have found, is a real good: that one should eat and drink and get pleasure with all the gains he makes under the sun, during the numbered days of life that God has given him; for that is his portion.ה:יח
גַּ֣ם כׇּֽל־הָאָדָ֡ם אֲשֶׁ֣ר נָֽתַן־ל֣וֹ הָאֱלֹהִים֩ עֹ֨שֶׁר וּנְכָסִ֜ים וְהִשְׁלִיט֨וֹ לֶאֱכֹ֤ל מִמֶּ֙נּוּ֙ וְלָשֵׂ֣את אֶת־חֶלְק֔וֹ וְלִשְׂמֹ֖חַ בַּעֲמָל֑וֹ זֹ֕ה מַתַּ֥ת אֱלֹהִ֖ים הִֽיא׃
רש"י
רד''ק
18.
Also, whenever a man is given riches and property by God, and is also permitted by Him to enjoy them and to take his portion and get pleasure for his gains—that is a gift of God.ה:יט
כִּ֚י לֹ֣א הַרְבֵּ֔ה יִזְכֹּ֖ר אֶת־יְמֵ֣י חַיָּ֑יו כִּ֧י הָאֱלֹהִ֛ים מַעֲנֶ֖ה בְּשִׂמְחַ֥ת לִבּֽוֹ׃
רש"י
רד''ק