Posuk
ט:א
כִּ֣י אֶת־כׇּל־זֶ֞ה נָתַ֤תִּי אֶל־לִבִּי֙ וְלָב֣וּר אֶת־כׇּל־זֶ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר הַצַּדִּיקִ֧ים וְהַחֲכָמִ֛ים וַעֲבָדֵיהֶ֖ם בְּיַ֣ד הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים גַּֽם־אַהֲבָ֣ה גַם־שִׂנְאָ֗ה אֵ֤ין יוֹדֵ֙עַ֙ הָֽאָדָ֔ם הַכֹּ֖ל לִפְנֵיהֶֽם׃
רש"י
רד''ק
1.
For all this I noted, and I ascertained<sup class="footnote-marker">a</sup><i class="footnote">Meaning of verb uncertain; construction as in Hos. 12.3; Ezra 3.12.</i> all this: that the actions of even the righteous and the wise are determined by God. <sup class="footnote-marker">b</sup><i class="footnote">Emendation yields “Even love, even hate, no man can know in advance. All 2are insignificant.”</i>Even love! Even hate! Man knows none of these in advance—ט:ב
הַכֹּ֞ל כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר לַכֹּ֗ל מִקְרֶ֨ה אֶחָ֜ד לַצַּדִּ֤יק וְלָרָשָׁע֙ לַטּוֹב֙ וְלַטָּה֣וֹר וְלַטָּמֵ֔א וְלַ֨זֹּבֵ֔חַ וְלַאֲשֶׁ֖ר אֵינֶ֣נּוּ זֹבֵ֑חַ כַּטּוֹב֙ כַּֽחֹטֶ֔א הַנִּשְׁבָּ֕ע כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר שְׁבוּעָ֥ה יָרֵֽא׃
רש"י
רד''ק
2.
none!<sup class="endFootnote">-b</sup> For the same fate is in store for all: for the righteous, and for the wicked; for the good and pure,<sup class="footnote-marker">c</sup><i class="footnote">I.e., those who observe the laws of ritual purity.</i> and for the impure; for him who sacrifices, and for him who does not;<sup class="footnote-marker">d</sup><i class="footnote">Cf. 4.17.</i> for him who is pleasing,<sup class="footnote-marker">e</sup><i class="footnote">I.e., to God; cf. 2.26; 7.26.</i> and for him who is displeasing; and for him who swears, and for him who shuns oaths.<sup class="footnote-marker">f</sup><i class="footnote">Cf. 8.2.</i>ט:ג
זֶ֣ה <b>׀</b> רָ֗ע בְּכֹ֤ל אֲשֶֽׁר־נַעֲשָׂה֙ תַּ֣חַת הַשֶּׁ֔מֶשׁ כִּֽי־מִקְרֶ֥ה אֶחָ֖ד לַכֹּ֑ל וְגַ֣ם לֵ֣ב בְּֽנֵי־הָ֠אָדָ֠ם מָלֵא־רָ֨ע וְהוֹלֵל֤וֹת בִּלְבָבָם֙ בְּחַיֵּיהֶ֔ם וְאַחֲרָ֖יו אֶל־הַמֵּתִֽים׃
רש"י
רד''ק
3.
That is the sad thing about all that goes on under the sun: that the same fate is in store for all. (Not only that, but men’s hearts are full of sadness, and their minds of madness, while they live; and then—to the dead!)ט:ד
כִּי־מִי֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר <span class="mam-kq"><span class="mam-kq-k">(יבחר)</span> <span class="mam-kq-q">[יְחֻבַּ֔ר]</span></span> אֶ֥ל כׇּל־הַחַיִּ֖ים יֵ֣שׁ בִּטָּח֑וֹן כִּֽי־לְכֶ֤לֶב חַי֙ ה֣וּא ט֔וֹב מִן־הָאַרְיֵ֖ה הַמֵּֽת׃
רש"י
רד''ק
4.
For he who is <sup class="footnote-marker">g</sup><i class="footnote">Lit. “joined to all.”</i>reckoned among<sup class="endFootnote">-g</sup> the living has something to look forward to—even a live dog is better than a dead lion—ט:ה
כִּ֧י הַֽחַיִּ֛ים יוֹדְעִ֖ים שֶׁיָּמֻ֑תוּ וְהַמֵּתִ֞ים אֵינָ֧ם יוֹדְעִ֣ים מְא֗וּמָה וְאֵֽין־ע֤וֹד לָהֶם֙ שָׂכָ֔ר כִּ֥י נִשְׁכַּ֖ח זִכְרָֽם׃
רש"י
רד''ק
5.
since the living know they will die. But the dead know nothing; they have no more recompense,<sup class="footnote-marker">h</sup><i class="footnote">Emendation yields “hope.”</i> for even the memory of them has died.ט:ו
גַּ֣ם אַהֲבָתָ֧ם גַּם־שִׂנְאָתָ֛ם גַּם־קִנְאָתָ֖ם כְּבָ֣ר אָבָ֑דָה וְחֵ֨לֶק אֵין־לָהֶ֥ם עוֹד֙ לְעוֹלָ֔ם בְּכֹ֥ל אֲשֶֽׁר־נַעֲשָׂ֖ה תַּ֥חַת הַשָּֽׁמֶשׁ׃
רש"י
רד''ק
6.
Their loves, their hates, their jealousies have long since perished; and they have no more share till the end of time in all that goes on under the sun.<br>ט:ז
לֵ֣ךְ אֱכֹ֤ל בְּשִׂמְחָה֙ לַחְמֶ֔ךָ וּֽשְׁתֵ֥ה בְלֶב־ט֖וֹב יֵינֶ֑ךָ כִּ֣י כְבָ֔ר רָצָ֥ה הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים אֶֽת־מַעֲשֶֽׂיךָ׃
רש"י
רד''ק
7.
Go, eat your bread in gladness, and drink your wine in joy; for your action was long ago approved by God.<sup class="footnote-marker">i</sup><i class="footnote">Cf. 2.24–25; 3.13; 5.18.</i>ט:ח
בְּכׇל־עֵ֕ת יִהְי֥וּ בְגָדֶ֖יךָ לְבָנִ֑ים וְשֶׁ֖מֶן עַל־רֹאשְׁךָ֥ אַל־יֶחְסָֽר׃
רש"י
רד''ק
8.
Let your clothes always be freshly washed, and your head never lack ointment.ט:ט
רְאֵ֨ה חַיִּ֜ים עִם־אִשָּׁ֣ה אֲשֶׁר־אָהַ֗בְתָּ כׇּל־יְמֵי֙ חַיֵּ֣י הֶבְלֶ֔ךָ אֲשֶׁ֤ר נָֽתַן־לְךָ֙ תַּ֣חַת הַשֶּׁ֔מֶשׁ כֹּ֖ל יְמֵ֣י הֶבְלֶ֑ךָ כִּ֣י ה֤וּא חֶלְקְךָ֙ בַּֽחַיִּ֔ים וּבַעֲמָ֣לְךָ֔ אֲשֶׁר־אַתָּ֥ה עָמֵ֖ל תַּ֥חַת הַשָּֽׁמֶשׁ׃
רש"י
רד''ק
9.
Enjoy happiness with a woman you love all the fleeting days of life that have been granted to you under the sun—all your fleeting days. For that alone is what you can get out of life and out of the means you acquire under the sun.ט:י
כֹּ֠ל אֲשֶׁ֨ר תִּמְצָ֧א יָֽדְךָ֛ לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת בְּכֹחֲךָ֖ עֲשֵׂ֑ה כִּי֩ אֵ֨ין מַעֲשֶׂ֤ה וְחֶשְׁבּוֹן֙ וְדַ֣עַת וְחׇכְמָ֔ה בִּשְׁא֕וֹל אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַתָּ֖ה הֹלֵ֥ךְ שָֽׁמָּה׃
רש"י
רד''ק
10.
Whatever it is in your power to do, do with all your might. For there is no action, no reasoning, no learning, no wisdom in Sheol, where you are going.ט:יא
שַׁ֜בְתִּי וְרָאֹ֣ה תַֽחַת־הַשֶּׁ֗מֶשׁ כִּ֣י לֹא֩ לַקַּלִּ֨ים הַמֵּר֜וֹץ וְלֹ֧א לַגִּבּוֹרִ֣ים הַמִּלְחָמָ֗ה וְ֠גַ֠ם לֹ֣א לַחֲכָמִ֥ים לֶ֙חֶם֙ וְגַ֨ם לֹ֤א לַנְּבֹנִים֙ עֹ֔שֶׁר וְגַ֛ם לֹ֥א לַיֹּדְעִ֖ים חֵ֑ן כִּי־עֵ֥ת וָפֶ֖גַע יִקְרֶ֥ה אֶת־כֻּלָּֽם׃
רש"י
רד''ק
11.
I have further observed under the sun that<br>The race is not won by the swift,<br>Nor the battle by the valiant;<br>Nor is bread won by the wise,<br>Nor wealth by the intelligent,<br>Nor favor by the learned.<br>For the time of mischance<sup class="footnote-marker">j</sup><i class="footnote">Euphemism for death.</i> comes to all.<sup class="footnote-marker">k</sup><i class="footnote">I.e., the insignificant duration of life renders all successes illusory; cf. 4.15–16.</i>ט:יב
כִּ֡י גַּם֩ לֹֽא־יֵדַ֨ע הָאָדָ֜ם אֶת־עִתּ֗וֹ כַּדָּגִים֙ שֶׁנֶּֽאֱחָזִים֙ בִּמְצוֹדָ֣ה רָעָ֔ה וְכַ֨צִּפֳּרִ֔ים הָאֲחֻז֖וֹת בַּפָּ֑ח כָּהֵ֗ם יֽוּקָשִׁים֙ בְּנֵ֣י הָֽאָדָ֔ם לְעֵ֣ת רָעָ֔ה כְּשֶׁתִּפּ֥וֹל עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם פִּתְאֹֽם׃
רש"י
רד''ק
12.
And a man cannot even know his time. As fishes are enmeshed in a fatal net, and as birds are trapped in a snare, so men are caught at the time of calamity,<sup class="footnote-marker">j</sup><i class="footnote">Euphemism for death.</i> when it comes upon them without warning.ט:יג
גַּם־זֹ֛ה רָאִ֥יתִי חׇכְמָ֖ה תַּ֣חַת הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ וּגְדוֹלָ֥ה הִ֖יא אֵלָֽי׃
רש"י
רד''ק
13.
This thing too I observed under the sun about wisdom, and it affected me profoundly.ט:יד
עִ֣יר קְטַנָּ֔ה וַאֲנָשִׁ֥ים בָּ֖הּ מְעָ֑ט וּבָֽא־אֵלֶ֜יהָ מֶ֤לֶךְ גָּדוֹל֙ וְסָבַ֣ב אֹתָ֔הּ וּבָנָ֥ה עָלֶ֖יהָ מְצוֹדִ֥ים גְּדֹלִֽים׃
רש"י
רד''ק
14.
There was a little city, with few men in it; and to it came a great king, who invested it and built mighty siege works against it.ט:טו
וּמָ֣צָא בָ֗הּ אִ֤ישׁ מִסְכֵּן֙ חָכָ֔ם וּמִלַּט־ה֥וּא אֶת־הָעִ֖יר בְּחׇכְמָת֑וֹ וְאָדָם֙ לֹ֣א זָכַ֔ר אֶת־הָאִ֥ישׁ הַמִּסְכֵּ֖ן הַהֽוּא׃
רש"י
רד''ק
15.
Present in the city was a poor wise man <sup class="footnote-marker">l</sup><i class="footnote">Others “who saved.”</i>who might have saved<sup class="endFootnote">-l</sup> it with his wisdom, but nobody thought of that poor man.ט:טז
וְאָמַ֣רְתִּי אָ֔נִי טוֹבָ֥ה חׇכְמָ֖ה מִגְּבוּרָ֑ה וְחׇכְמַ֤ת הַמִּסְכֵּן֙ בְּזוּיָ֔ה וּדְבָרָ֖יו אֵינָ֥ם נִשְׁמָעִֽים׃
רש"י
רד''ק
16.
So I observed: Wisdom is better than valor; but<br>A poor man’s wisdom is scorned,<br>And his words are not heeded.ט:יז
דִּבְרֵ֣י חֲכָמִ֔ים בְּנַ֖חַת נִשְׁמָעִ֑ים מִזַּעֲקַ֥ת מוֹשֵׁ֖ל בַּכְּסִילִֽים׃
רש"י
רד''ק
17.
<sup class="footnote-marker">m</sup><i class="footnote">Verses 9.17–10.19 constitute a group of loosely connected aphorisms.</i>Words spoken softly by wise men are heeded <sup class="footnote-marker">n</sup><i class="footnote">Lit. “than the scream of a lord in [the manner of] the fools.”</i>sooner than those shouted by a lord in folly.<sup class="endFootnote">-n</sup>ט:יח
טוֹבָ֥ה חׇכְמָ֖ה מִכְּלֵ֣י קְרָ֑ב וְחוֹטֶ֣א אֶחָ֔ד יְאַבֵּ֖ד טוֹבָ֥ה הַרְבֵּֽה׃
רש"י
רד''ק